Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers 1,972,550 km², making it the world's 13th-largest country by area; with approximately 126,014,024 in., it is the 10th-most-populous country and has the most Spanish-speakers.
1. VASCULAR PLANTS
By Vascular Plants of America (VPA, in February 04, 2023), Brazil has 34,784 spp. of vascular plants, Mexico has 23,516.
Mexico has 254 families in angiosperms, and Brazil has only 234.
Mexico has huge diversties against Brazil: conifers (4:9/86 ✕ 2:3/9), cycads (1:3/68 ✕ 1:1/7), Fagales (5:11/162 ✕ 0:0/0), succulent Crassulaceae (1/384 ✕ 0/0), Agave (221 ✕ 0), Euphorbia (246 ✕ 64) and Brassicaceae (43/214 ✕ 3/11).
Mexico has 162 spp. of Gymnosperms, almost twice as much as in all of South America (86).
2. BIGGER NUMBERS
Only 4 families exceed 1,000 sp. in Mexico (Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae, Poaceae); in Brazil are eight. In Mexico only 5 genera exceed 200 spp. (Sedum, Salvia, Euphorbia, Tillandsia and Agave), the two firsts above 300 spp.; in Brazil are 13 more than 200 spp., inc. 6 more than 300 spp.: three at 300-400 spp. (Piper, Mimosa, Croton), two at 400-500 spp. (Eugenia, Myrcia), one over 500 spp. (Miconia). In all 20 largest families in Mexico Brazil has more species except Asteraceae, Cactaceae, Crassulaceae and Boraginaceae.
4 unbrazilian orders occur in Mexico: Fagales, Huertales (2:2/3), Austrobayleaceae (1:2/2) and Garryales (1:1/9). Brazil has only two unmexican orders: Cardiopteridales (2:2/10) and Escalloniales (1:1/9).
Compared diversities Brazil ✕ Mexico: Poaceae (1,300 ✕ 1,043), Fabaceae (2,818 ✕ 1,895), Orchidaceae (2,734 ✕ 1,276), Melastomataceae (1,454 ✕ 205), Myrtaceae (1,153 ✕ 128), Bromeliaceae (1,415 ✕ 448), Arecaceae (266 ✕ 98), Euphorbiaceae (997 ✕ 716) Ericaceae (95 ✕ 80), Cactaceae (258 ✕ 705), Asparagaceae (14 ✕ 455), Asteraceae (2,041 ✕ 3,065).
3. COMPARATION BRAZIL ✕ MEXICO IN FAMILIES
Mexico has 53 families of Angiosperms that do not occur in Brazil (130/757 overall).
31 occur in South America (100/669): Brunelliaceae (1/1), Tovariaceae (1/1), Phyllonomaceae (1/1), Coriariaceae (1/1), Nelumbonaceae (1/1), Cytinaceae (1/3), Mitrastemonaceae (1/1), Actinidiaceae (1/21), Hydrangeaceae (6/36), Tapisciaceae (1/1), Dipentodontaceae (1/2), Melanthiaceae (4/36), Grossulariaceae (1/23), Juglandaceae (4/14), Saxifragaceae (4/20), Fagaceae (2/138), Betulaceae (4/6), Polemoniaceae (22/105), Cornaceae (1/4), Koeberliniaceae (1/1), Tetrachondraceae (1/1), Zosteraceae (2/3), Hamamelidaceae (3/3), Frankeniaceae (1/5), Papaveraceae (10/44), Phrymaceae (7/48), Myricaceae (1/3), Montiaceae (5/27), Anacampserotaceae (1/1), Hydrophyllaceae (6/70), Namaceae (4/48).
22 do not (30/88): Balsaminaceae (1/1), Nyssaceae (1/1), Setchellanthaceae (1/1), Sarcobataceae (1/1), Fouquieriaceae (1/11), Simmondisiaceae (1/1), Crossossomataceae (3/5), Stegnospermataceae (1/3), Guamatelaceae (1/1), Petenaeaceae (1/1), Plocospermataceae (1/1), Ticodendraceae (1/1), Resedaceae (2/10), Datiscaceae (1/1), Paeoniaceae (1/1), Saururaceae (2/2), Platanaceae (1/5), Schisandraceae (2/2), Liliaceae (4/26), Garryaceae (1/9), Altingiaceae (1/1), Iteaceae (1/3) - large genera are Fouquiera, Calochortus and Forchhammeria.
Velloziaceae alone includes more species in Brazil than the 44 least representative families of the cluster in Mexico. 4 families correspond to 1/3 of the genera in this cluster: Polemoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Phrymaceae and Hydrangeaceae.
Considering that Brazil has 9 genera of Rapateaceae and 8 of Humiriaceae, the most representative families in Mexico of this cluster above 9 genera (Polemoniaceae and Papaveraceae) include, together, 32 genera, around 1/4 of the total cluster.
Considering that Brazil has 39 spp. of Rapateaceae and 35 of Humiriaceae, the most representative families in Mexico of this cluster above 39 (Fagaceae, Polemoniaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Namaceae and Papaveraceae) include, together, 449 spp. around 59% of the total species in the cluster.
In contrast, only 33 Brazilian families do not occur in Mexico: Tofiediaceae, Nartherciaceae, Xanthorrhoeaceae, Taccaceae, Thismiaceae, Velloziaceae, Rapateaceae, Thurniaceae, Strelitziaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Humiriaceae, Peridiscaceae, Lepidobotryceae, Quillajaceae, Euphroniaceae, Goupiaceae, Caryocaraceae, Ixonanthaceae, Bonnetiaceae, Vivianiaceae, Rhabdodendraceae, Microteaceae, Strombosiaceae, Aptandraceae, Coulaceae, Olacaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Cardiopteridaceae, Stemonuraceae, Calyceraceae, Escalloniaceae, Griseliniaceae.
22 Mexican unbrazilian families are monotypic in Mexico: Brunelliaceae, Balsaminaceae, Tovariaceae, Phyllonomaceae, Coriariaceae, Nelumbonaceae, Mitrastemonaceae, Tapisciaceae, Koeberliniaceae, Tetrachondraceae, Anacampserotaceae, Nyssaceae, Setchellanthaceae, Sarcobataceae, Simmondisiaceae, Guamatelaceae, Petenaeaceae, Plocospermataceae, Ticodendraceae, Datiscaceae, Paeoniaceae and Altingiaceae.
12 are monogeneric irradiations 2-22 spp.: Actinidiaceae, Grossulariaceae, Fouquieriaceae, Garryaceae, Cytinaceae, Dipentodontaceae, Cornaceae, Frankeniaceae, Myricaceae, Stegnospermataceae, Platanaceae and Iteaceae.
19 families has more one genus: Fagaceae (2/138), Polemoniaceae (22/105), Hydrophyllaceae (4/68), Phrymaceae (7/48), Namaceae (4/46), Papaveraceae (10/44), Hydrangeaceae (6/36), Melanthiaceae (4/36), Montiaceae (5/27), Liliaceae (4/26), Saxifragaceae (4/20), Juglandaceae (4/14), Betulaceae (4/6), Zosteraceae (2/3), Hamamelidaceae (3/3), Crossossomataceae (3/5), Resedaceae (2/10), Saururaceae (2/2), Schisandraceae (2/2).
13 of Brazilian unmexican families are monotypic in Brazil: Xanthorrhoeaceae, Taccaceae, Thurniaceae, Strelitziaceae, Peridiscaceae, Lepidobotryceae, Quillajaceae, Euphroniaceae, Goupiaceae, Coulaceae, Tetrameristaceae, Stemonuraceae and Griseliniaceae.
11 are monogeneric irradiations 2-20 spp.: Tofiediaceae, Nartherciaceae, Thismiaceae, Vivianiaceae, Rhabdodendraceae, Microteaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Strombosiaceae, Cardiopteridaceae, Calyceraceae, Escalloniaceae.
9 families has more one genus: Velloziaceae, Rapateaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Humiriaceae, Caryocaraceae, Ixonanthaceae, Bonnetiaceae, Aptandraceae and Olacaceae.
4. REPRESENTATIVE GENERA
Among representative-order genera absents in Brazil ('unbrazilian'), Mexico has Buxus (6), Canella (1), Cornus (4), Crossossoma (3), Cucurbita (16), Fagus (1), Malva (3), Garrya (9), Gentiana (15), Huertea (1), Lilium (3), Malpighia (25), Rosa (7) and Vitis (15). These genera together have 109 spp. in the country.
5. MORPHOLOGICAL NOTES
Comparing with Brazil, Mexico stands out in herbaceous Bignoniaceae, succulent Crassulaceae, diversity of Pinguicula, cushions (13, all in Caryophyllales), sea grasses, fungi symbiotics in Fagales, nectar spur plants, holoparasitics in Ehretiaceae, Cytinaceae, Mitrastemonaceae, Ericaceae, and Orobanchaceae.
Mexico has six unbrazilian sea grasses: Vallisneria americana Michx., Thalassia testudinum Banks & Sol. ex K.D. Koenig, Halophila engelmannii Asch., Syringodium filiforme Kütz., Phyllospadix scouleri Hook., P. torreyi S. Watson, and Zostera marina L.
Mexico includes only 74 spp. of carnivorous plants in five genera: Drosera brevifolia Pursh, D. capillaris Poir., Catopsis berteroniana (Schult. & Schult. f.) Mez, Genlisea filiformis A. St.-Hil., Pinguincula (50) and Utricularia (20). In contrast, uniquely in Utricularia, Brazil has 78 spp.
In Parasitics non-Santalales, Mexico has Cuscuta (62 ✕ 22 BR), Cassytha (1 ✕ 1 BR), Krameria (9 ✕ 5 BR) and Pilostyles (3 ✕ 1 BR), all widely in Brazil. Rafflesiaceae and Cymonoriaceae are absents in New World. Lennoa, Mitrastemon and Bdalophytum occur only in Mexico. Prosopanche and Apodanthes only in Brazil. In Santalales, Mexico has three Ximenia (✕ 3 BR), (2/)2 spp. of Balanophoraceae (✕ 12 BR), four Schoepfia (✕ 3 BR), three Agonandra (✕ 5 BR), 52 Loranthaceae (✕ 129 BR) and 92 Santalaceae (✕ 68 BR).
Among Mexican monocot mycoheterotrophics, Corallorhiza (7) and Hexalectris (8), both Orchidaceae, does not occut in Brazil. Brazilian genera Campylosiphon, Hexapterella, Miersiella, Thismia, Peltophyllum, Sciaphila, Soridium, Platythelys, Uleiorchis, Pogoniopsis and Wullscglaegelia does not occur in Mexico. In Eudicots, Mexican Hypopitys (1), Pterospora (1), Pyrola (1) and Sarcodes (1) does not occur in Brazil. Brazilian Voyriella does not occur in Mexico.
Mexico includes the unique epiphytic Valeriana worldwide (PhytoKeys), also epiphytic Solanum (Systematic Botany), all six largest members of Ipomoea (Almanaque Z), the unique aphyllous members of Psittacanthus (lacks sources), and tallest members in New World of Euphorbia (Taxon) and Ericaceae (lacks sources), and in Neotropics in Apiaceae (Revista de Biologia Tropical), and the unique record of isophasic parasitism in Phoradendron (Acta Botanica Mexicana).
6. ENDEMIC GENERA
Mexican endemic genera in families without endemic genera in Brazil includes 17 families, namely Aspragaceae, Boraginaceae, Burseraceae, Campanulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Caricaceae, Crossossomataceae, Brassicaceae, Iteaceae, Loasaceae, Oleaceae, Onagraceae, Polemoniaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Setchellanthaceae and Zygophyllaceae (four, in bold, does not occur in Brazil; excludes, due to recent changes or over range, Cyperaceae, Papaveraceae and Verbenaceae); counterpart list includes 33 families, Amaranthaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Anisophylleaceae, Araceae, Arecaceae, Balanophoraceae, Bignoniaceae, Capparaceae, Cleomaceae, Clusiaceae, Connaraceae, Convolvulaceae, Ehretiaceae, Humiriaceae, Iridaceae, Lamiaceae, Linderniaceae, Lythraceae, Martyniaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Monimiaceae, Myrtaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Ochnaceae, Olacaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygalaceae, Rhamnaceae, Salicaceae, Solanaceae, Trigoniaceae and Violaceae.
7. SPECIFIC GROUPS
Mexico has 162 spp. of Fagales in 11 genera at 5 families, 137 in Quercus, also in Fagus (1), Alfaroa (3), Carya (5), Juglans (5), Oreomunnea (1), Alnus (4), Carpinus (1), Ostrya (1), Morella (3), and Ticodendron (1).
Mexico has 86 conifers (3th diversity worldwide), 58 in Pinaceae (47 Pinus, 2 Picea, 9 Abies), 24 of Cupressaceae (one Calocedrus, 4 Hesperocyparis, 18 Juniperus, one Taxodium), one Taxaceae (Taxus) and 3 Podocarpaceae (all Podocarpus) - c. 6/7 pines, firs or junipers, 12 remaining in six genera at 4 families.
New World has 134 spp. of cycads (WCSPF) in Ceratozamia (36, 35 in Mexico, one of them up to Guatemala and Belize, and one endemic to Honduras, by Martínez-Domínguez, Phytotaxa, 2022), Dioon (18, 17 in Mexico and one endemic to Honduras), Microcycas (1, W. Cuba), Zamia (80, SE. U.S.A., Mexico to trop. America). Mexico has 68 spp. in three genera (a half of New World diversity), 63 endemics, the 2th diversity of cycads worldwide.
Mexico has 214 spp. of Brassicaceae in 43 genera.
Mexican Ranunculaceae: Aconitum (1), Anemone (3), Aquilegia (6), Clematis (15), Delphinium (20), Myosurus (2), Ranunculus (22), Thalictrum (28).
Mexico has only two species of Vochysiaceae and a single of Lecythidaceae (Eschweilera mexicana T. Wendt, S.A. Mori & Prance, endemic). Brazil has 163 and 120 spp. in these families, respectively.
Notes about Mexican palms: Pulido-Silva et al. (The Botanical Review, 2022).
Hechtiodeae lineage is one of eight subfamilies of Bromeliaceae with at least 84 species formally recognize in three genera, highly centered in Mexico: Bakerantha L.B. Sm. (5, highlands of center Mexico), Hechtia Klotzsch (76, Texas to Guatemala) and Mesoamerantha I. Ramírez & K. Romero (3, Guatemala to Nicaragua); for datails, see Rivera-Martínezet al. (Botanical Sciences, 2022).
8. COMPARATION FAMILY-BY-FAMILY, IN COMMON FAMILIES
MEXICO MORE GENERA AND ...
.. MEXICO MORE SPECIES
Typhaceae, Ranunculaceae, Buxaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Surianaceae, Rosaceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Anacardiaceae, Geraniaceae, Onagraceae, Cistaceae, Bixaceae, Mutingiaceae, Brassicaceae, Polygonaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Phytolacaceae, Achatocarpaceae, Cactaceae, Loasacaceae, Boraginaceae, Ehretiaceae, Oleaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Apiaceae.
.. EQUAL SPECIES
Cymodoceaceae, Caricaceae.... BRAZIL MORE SPECIES
Cabombaceae, Hernandiaceae, Vitaceae, Celastraceae, Hypericaceae, Malvaceae (MX 78 ✕ 74 BR), Cleomaceae, Pentaphyllacaceae, Primulaceae, Ericaceae, Urticaceae, Acanthaceae, Schlegeliaceae, Gesneriaceae, Verbenaceae, Lentibulariaceae.
BRAZIL MORE GENERA AND ...
... BRAZIL MORE SPECIES
Myristicaceae, Annonaceae, Lauraceae, Monimiaceae, Piperaceae, Burmanniaceae, Araceae, Triuridaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Alstroemeriaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Iridaceae, Orchidaceae, Arecaceae, Haemodoraceae, Costaceae, Marantaceae, Xyridaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cyperaceae, Menispermaceae, Proteaceae, Dilleniaceae, Connaraceae, Cunoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Clusiaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Ochnaceae, Podostemaceae, Trigoniaceae, Achariaceae, Dichapetalaceae, Lacistemaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Malpighiaceae, Violaceae, Passifloraceae, Salicaceae, Peraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Polygalaceae, Moraceae, Burseraceae, Sapindaceae, Meliaceae, Rutaceae, Simaroubaceae, Picramniaceae, Combretaceae, Lythraceae, Vochysiaceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae, Thymelaeaceae, Capparaceae, Petiveriaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Sapotaceae, Ebenaceae, Symplocaceae, Styracaceae, Ximeniaceae, Erythropalaceae, Balanophoraceae, Loranthaceae, Metteniusaceae, Icacinaceae, Convolvulaceae, Rubiaceae, Loganiaceae, Gentianaceae, Apocynaceae, Linderniaceae, Bignoniaceae, Araliaceae.
... EQUAL SPECIES
Schoepfiaceae.... MEXICO MORE SPECIES
Commelinaceae, Sabiaceae, Haloragaceae, Linaceae, Rhamnaceae, Apodanthaceae, Santalaceae, Martyniaceae, Lamiaceae.
EQUAL GENERA AND...
... MEXICO MORE SPECIES
Magnoliaceae, Ruppiaceae, Juncaginaceae, Juncaceae, Hypoxidaceae, Berberidaceae, Gunneraceae, Krameriaceae, Elatinaceae, Picrodendraceae, Staphylleaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Talinaceae, Clethraceae, Heliotropiaceae, Calceolariaceae, Viburnaceae.... BRAZIL MORE SPECIES
Nymphaeaceae, Chloranthaceae, Siparunaceae, Canellaceae, Winteraceae, Aristolochiaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Alismataceae, Dioscoreaceae, Hydrocharitaceae, Smilacaceae, Pontederiaceae, Heliconiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Cannaceae, Mayacaceae, Oxalidaceae, Erythroxylaceae, Begoniaceae, Tropaeolaceae, Droseraceae, Molluginaceae, Theaceae, Opiliaceae, Cordiaceae, Solanaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Aquifoliaceae.... EQUAL SPECIES
Ceratophyllaceae, Putranjivaceae, Bataceae, Portulacaceae, Hydroleaceae, Cyrillaceae, Menyanthaceae.
9. TAXONOMY
NYMPHAEALES
CORNALES
CABOMBACEAE ‣ Brasenia in Mexico.
NYMPHAEACEAE ‣ Nuphar (1) and Nymphaea subg. Nymphaea in Mexico.
AUSTROBAILEYALES
SCHISANDRACEAE (2/2, Illicium floridanum J. Ellis, Schisandra glabra (Brickell) Rehder).
MAGNOLIALES
MAGNOLIACEAE ‣ Mexico includes 30 spp. of Magnolia in all three subgenera in New World.LAURALES
LAURACEAE ‣ Mexico includes Litsea and Umbellaria.
HERNANDIACEAE ‣ Mexico includes Gyrocarpus (3) and more Hernandia.
PIPERALES
SAURURACEAE (2/2, Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. & Arn., Saururus cernuus L.).
ALISMATALES
HYDROCHARITACEAE ‣ Thalassia and Vallisneria in Mexico.
CYMODOCEACEAE ‣ Syringodium in Mexico.
ZOSTERACEAE (2/3, Phyllospadix scouleri Hook., P. torreyi S. Watson, Zostera marina L.).
LILIALES
MELANTHIACEAE (4/36).
LILIACEAE (4/27).
ASPARAGALES
ORCHIDACEAE ‣ not analyzed.
IRIDACEAE ‣ Mexico has Iris (only I. missourensis), Nemastylis, Orthrosanthus and Tigridia.
AMARYLLIDACEAE ‣ Mexico has Allium (27).
ASPARAGACEAE (38/470) ‣ data from POWO (21.08.23).
Agavoideae (8/288) - Agave (221), Beschorneria (8), Furcraea (15), Hesperaloe (7), Hesperocallis (1), Hesperoyucca (1), Hooveria (1), Yucca (34).
Anthericoideae (1/70) - Echeandia (70).
Asparagaceae (1/5) - Hemiphylacus (5).
Ruscaceae (6/75) - Beaucarnea (12), Dasylirion (23), Dracaena (1), Maianthemum (11), Nolina (27), Polygnonatum (1).
Themidaceae (12/32) - Bessera (3), Bloomeria (2), Brodiaea (3), Dandya (1), Dipterostemon (1), Jaimehintonia (1), Milla (10), Muilla (1), Petronymphe (2), Triteleia (2), Triteleiopsis (1), Xochiquetzallia (5).
POALES
TYPHACEAE ‣ Mexico has Sparganium.
BROMELIACEAE ‣ 450 spp., 4/5 in Tillandsia, Pitcairnia or Hechtia. Unbrazilian: Bakerantha, Hechtia (Hechtioideae), Pseudoalcantarea, Viridantha (Tillandsioideae), Androlepis, Greigia, Ursulaea (Bromelioideae).
CYPERACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Scirpus, Scirpoides (ex Karinia, SEE), Amphiscirpus.
POACEAE ‣ Puellioidea no occur in New World. Mexico leads in generic and specific diversity in Pooideae, Arundionoideae and Chloridiodeae. 148 genera in country, only 22 outside South America, 4 endemics: Olmeca, Metcalfia, Hopia and Sohnsia.
ANOMOCHLOIDEAE - (1/)2 spp. in Mexico, (2/4) in Brazil.
PHAROIDEAE - (1/)4 spp. in Mexico, also 4 in Brazil.
ORYZOIDEAE - (5/)12 spp.; Mexico has one more Leersia.
BAMBUSOIDEAE - (11/)59 spp. in Mexico. All genera occur in Brazil except two in Guiaduinae, Otatea and Olmeca (5, endemic); Brazil leads in all common genera except Rhipidocladum.
POOIDEAE - Mexico has (33/)211 spp.; all genera occur in South America except Hesperostipa, Achnatherum, Metcalfia, Pseudoroegneria, Sphenopholis and Limnodea; largest diversities: Festuca (33), Agrostis (20), Bromus (20), Poa (17), Trisetum (13), Achnantherum (18), Calamagrostis (11).
ARISTIDOIDEAE - (1/)31 spp. in Mexico, (1/)37 in Brazil.
PANICOIDEAE - (58/)424 spp. in Mexico; largest diversities: Paspalum (90), Panicum (37), Digitaria (24), Setaria (23), Dichanthelium (17), Andropogon (14), Cenchrus (17), Urochloa (13), Lasiascis (13), Tripsacum (12). Only 4 genera does not occur in South America: Chasmanthium, Aakia, Hopia and Zea.
ARUNDINOIDEAE - Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. in Mexico.
MICRAIROIDEAE - a single New World genus, 3 spp. in Mexico, 4 in Brazil.
DANTHONIOIDEAE - (1/)3 spp. in Mexico, (2/)8 spp. in Brazil.
CHLORIDOIDEAE - (35/)314 spp.; largests are Muhlenbergia (131), Bouteloua (53), Sporobolus (34), Eragrostis (32), Hilaria (10), Leptochloa (10). All genera occur in South America except Allolepis, Hilaria, Kalinia, Sohnsia, Orcuttia, Tuctoria, Tetrapogon, Dinebra, Dasyochloa, Tridentopsis and Triplasis.
COMMELINALES
COMMELINACEAE ‣ Mexico includes Gibasodes, Matudanthus, Thyrsanthemum and Waldenia.
ZINGIBERALES
MARANTACEAE ‣ Mexico has Pleiostachya.
RANUNCULALES
PAPAVERACEAE (10/44).
MENISPERMACEAE ‣ Mexico has Cocculus and Menispermus.
RANUNCULACEAE ‣ Mexico has Aconitum, Aquileja, Delphinium, Myosurus, Thalictrum and Trautvetteria.
PROTEALES
NELUMBONACEAE (1/1).
PLATANACEAE (1/5).
BUXALES
BUXACEAE ‣ Mexico has Buxus and Sarcococca.
SAXIFRAGALES
PAEONIACEAE (1/1).
ALTINGIACEAE (1/1).
HAMAMELIDACEAE (3/3).
CRASSULACEAE ‣ Mexico has 5 spp. of Crassula and 384 of Sedum.
ITEACEAE (1/1).
GROSSULARIACEAE (1/23)
SAXIFRAGACEAE (4/20).
VITALES
VITACEAE ‣ Mexico has Ampelocissus, Ampelopsis, Parthenocissus and Vitis.
ZYGOPHYLLALES
ZYGOPHYLLACEAE ‣ Mexico includes Fagonia, Guaiacum, Larrea, Morkillia, Sericodes and Viscainoa.
OXALIDALES
BRUNELLIACEAE (1/1).
CELASTRALES
CELASTRACEAE ‣ Mexico includes unbrazilian Acanthothamnus, Canotia, Crossopetalum, Elaeodendron, Euonymus, Gyminda, Mortonia, Orthosphenia, Parnassia, Paxistima, Quetzalia, Rzedowskia, Tricerma and Wimmeria.
MALPIGHIALES
CALOPHYLLACEAE ‣ Mexico has Mammea.
MALPIGHIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Calcicola, Cottsia, Echinopterys, Gaudichaudia, Lasiocarpus, Malpighia, Psychopterys.
CHRYSOBALANACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Geobalanus [✕ Exellodendron].
ACHARIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Chiangiodendron.
VIOLACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Hybanthus, Ixchelia and Orthion.
PASSIFLORACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Erblichia [✕ Oxosssia].
SALICACEAE ‣ Mexico has Bartholomaea, Hasseltiopsis, Neopringlea, Populus.
EUPHORBIACEAE
Acalyphoideae ▸ Plukenettae - Mexico has unbrazilian Acidocroton, Zuckertia.
Acalyphoideae ▸ Adelieae - Mexico has unbrazilian Enriquebeltrania.
Acalyphoideae ▸ Chrozophoreae - Mexico has unbrazilian Argythamnia.
Crotonoideae ▸ Aleuritideae - Mexico has unbrazilian Garcia.
Euphorbioideae▸ Hipomaneae - Mexico has unbrazilian Dalembertia, Hippomane.
PHYLLANTHACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Andrachne and Phyllanthopsis.
PICRODENDRACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Tetracoccus.
LINACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Hesperolinon [✕ Cliococca].
FABALES
FABACEAE ‣ Mexico has 57 genera absent in Brazil.
Cercidioideae - Cercis.Faboideae ▸ CLADRASTIDOIDS CLADE (3/18) - Styphnolobium.Faboideae ▸ CLADRASTIDOIDS CLADE - Pickeringia.Faboideae ▸ DIPTERYGEAE (17/c 80) - Myrospermum.Faboideae ▸ GENISTOIDEAE - Brongniartia.Faboideae ▸ DALBERGIOIDEAE - Amicia, Amorpha, Apoplanesia, Chapmannia, Dalea, Diphysa, Errazurizia, Eysenhardtia, Marina, Psorothamnus.Faboideae ▸ Phaseoloideae - Cologania, Hesperothamnus, Hoita, Hylodesmum, Lespedeza, Orbexilum, Oxyrhynchus, Pachyrhizus, Pediomelum, Phaseolus, Piscidia, Ramirezella, Rupertia.Faboideae ▸ ROBINIEAE - Genistidium, Gliricidia, Lennea, Olneya, Peteria, Robinia.Faboideae ▸ Dermatophylleae - Dermatophyllum.FaboideaeE ▸ LOTEAE - Acmispon, Hosackia.Faboideae ▸ GLYCYRRHIZEAE - Glycyrrhiza.Faboideae ▸ HEDYSAREAE - Astragalus.Caesalpinioidae▸ DIMORPHANDRA CLADE A - ConzattiaCaesalpinioideae ▸ Caesalpinioideae - Caesalpinia, Coulteria, Haematoxylum, Hoffmannseggia.Caesalpiniideae ▸ Mimoseae - Acaciella, Calliandropsis, Ebenopsis, Havardia, Guinetia, Leucaena, Lysiloma, Mariosousa, Painteria, Prosopidastrum, Pseudosamanea, Sphinga, Strombocarpa.Caesalpinioideae ▸ Schizolobieae - Heteroflorum.
POLYGALACEAE ‣ Mexico has Hebecarpa and Rhinotropis.
SURIANACEAE ‣ Mexico has Recchia.
ROSALES
ROSACEAE ‣ 193 spp. Mexico includes Adenostoma, Amelanchier, Cercocarpus, Chamaebatia, Crataegus, Drymocallis, Fallugia, Fragaria, Heteromeles, Holodiscus, Horkelia, Ivesia, Lachemilla, Lindleya, Malacomeles, Petrophytum, Photinia, Physocarpus, Potentilla, Purshia, Rosa, Vauquelinia, Xerospiraea.
RHAMNACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Adolphia, Ceanothus, Karwinskia, Krugiodendron [✕ Scutia], Sageretia, Ventia [✕ Rhamnidium].
ULMACEAE ‣ Mexico has Ulmus.
CANNABACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Aphananthe, Lozanella, Humulus.
MORACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Morus.
URTICACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Discocnide, Gyrotaenia, Hesperocnide, Rousselia.
CUCURBITALES
CORIARIACEAE (1/1).
CUCURBITACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Cionosicys, Cucurbita, Doyerea, Hanburia, Ibervillea, Marah, Microsechium, Parasicyos, Peponopsis,Polyclathra, Schizocarpum, Sechiopsis, Sicyosperma, Tecunumania, Tumamoca.
DATISCACEAE (1/1).
FAGALES
FAGACEAE (2/138).
MYRICACEAE (1/3)
JUGLANDACEAE (4/14).
TICODENDRACEAE (1/1).
BETULACEAE (4/6).
HUERTALES
TAPISCIACEAE (1/1).
DIPENTODONTACEAE (1/2).
GERANIALES
GERANIACEAE ‣ Mexico has California.
MYRTALES
ONAGRACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Camissonia, Camissoniopsis, Chylismia, Clarkia, Eremothera, Eulobus, Gayaphyton, Hauya, Lopezia, Megacorax, Tetrapteron, Xylonagra.
LYTHRACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Ginoria absent in Brazil.
MYRTACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Chamguava, Mosiera.
CROSSOSOMATALES
MELASTOMATACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Heterocentron, Schwackaea, Stanmarkia.
CROSSOSSOMATACEAE (3/5).
GUAMATELACEAE (1/1).
STAPHYLEACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Turpinia.
SAPINDALES - in all families Brazil has more spp. and genera tham Mexico, except Anacardiaceae, in both lists.
ANACARDIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Actincheita, Amphipterygium, Attilaea, Bonetiella, Comocladia, Cotinus, Malosma, Metopium, Mosquitoxylon, Pachycormus, Pistacia, Pseudosmodingium, Rhus, Toxicodendron.
BURSERACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Beiselia.
SAPINDACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Acer, Aesculus, Billa, Blomia, Exothea, Toiunidium, Ungdania.
RUTACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Amyris, Coysia, Cneoridium, Decatrops, Decazyx, Megastigma, Peltostigma, Polyaster, Ptelea, Stauranthus, Thamnosma.
MALVALES
THYMELAEACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Dirca.
BIXACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Amoreuxia.
CISTACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Helianthemum and Lechea.
CYTINACEAE (1/1).
MUNTINGIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Dicraspsidia.
MALVACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Allowissadula, Anotea, Bastardiastrum, Batesimalva, Bernoullia, Billieturnera, Callirhoe, Carpodiptera, Chiranthodendron, Dendrosida, Dirhamphis, Eremalche, Fremontodendron, Fryxellia, Fuertesimalva, Hampea, Hermannia, Horsfordia, Kearnemalvastrum, Kosteletzkya, Malacothamnus, Malva, Malvella, Meximalva, Mortoniodendron, Neobrittonia, Periptera, Phymosia, Physodium, Reevesia, Robinsonella, Sidalcea, Tarasa, Tilia, Trichospermum.
BRASSICALES
CARICACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Carica, Horovotzia, Jarilla (all composed a uniquelly monopyletic lineage).
SETCHELLANTHACEAE (1/1).
KOEBERLINIACEAE (1/1).
RESEDACEAE (2/10).
TOVARIACEAE (1/1).
CAPPARACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Atamisquea, Caphexandra, Neocapparis, Quadrella.
CLEOMACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Andinocleome, Iltisella, Cleomella, Polanisia, Cochranella.
BRASSICACEAE ‣ Mexico has 212 spp. in this family in 42 genera, 31 in Thelypodieae, Cardamineae, Physareae and Halimolobeae, all South Americam groups.
:: 27 genera does not occur in South America, 21 of them in Thelypodieae, Cardamineae and Physareae. Remaining: Athysanus, Boechera, Erysimum, Sphaerocardamum, Asta and Scoliaxon.
:: largest genera (109 spp. united): Physaria (23), Lepidium (19), Rorippa (11), Romanschulzia (10), Cardamine, Descurainia, Draba and Dryopetalum nine each.
ARABODEAE (2/10) - Athysanus (2), Draba (9), Tomostima (3)
BRASSICEAE (15/61)
Coluteocarpeae (1/2) - Noccaea (2)Thelypodieae (13/56) - Chaunanthus (4), Dryopetalon (9), Hesperidanthus (1), Mostacillastrum (8), Phravenia (1), Romanschulzia (10), Sibara (3), Stanleya (1), Streptanthella (7), Streptanthus (6), Thelypodiopsis (1), Thelypodium (1), Thysanocarpus (4)Brassiceae (1/3) - Cakile (3).
CAMELINODEAE (23/134)
Cardamineae (6/27) - Cardamine (9), Nasturtium (1), Ornithocarpa (2), Planodes (2), Rorippa (11), Selenia (2).Lepidieae (1/19) - Lepidium (19).Boechereae (1/5) - Boechera (5)Descurainieae (2/10) - Descurainia (9), Tropidocarpum (1).Physarieae (7/41) - Dimorphocarpa (3), Dithyrea (1), Lyrocarpa (3), Nerisyrenia (7), Paysonia (2), Physaria (23), Synthlipsis (2).Erysimeae (1/6) - Erysimum (6)Halimolobeae (5/26) - Exhalimolobos (5), Halimolobos (7), Mancoa (5), Pennellia (5), Sphaerocardamum (4).
HELIOPHILOIDEAE (2/2)
Asteae (1/1) - Asta (1).Anastaticeae (1/1) - Scoliaxon (1)
SANTALALES
SANTALACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Arceuthobium and Comandra.
CARYOPHYLLALES
FRANKENIACEAE (1/5).
POLYGONACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Antigonon, Bistorta, Centrostegia, Chorizanthe, Eriogonum, Gymnopodium, Harfordia, Lastarriaea, Nemacaulis, Neomillspaughia, Pterostegia and Sidotheca.
SIMMONDSIACEAE (1/1).
CARYOPHYLLACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Achyronychia, Cerdia, Loeflingia, Scopulophila (Polycarpaeae), Colobanthus, Minuartia (Sagineae), Corrigiola (Theliphioideae), Eremogone (Eremogoneae, a single sp. in Mexico), Silene (Sileneae), Stellaria (Alsineae).
ACHATOCARPACEAE ‣ Mexico has Phaulothamnus.
AMARANTHACEAE ‣ Corispermum (Coryspermoideae), Aphanisma (Betoideae), Nitrophila (Polycneoideae), Atriplex, Chenopodium (Chenopodioideae/Atripliceae), Cycloloma (Chenopodioideae/Dysphanieae), Blitum (Chenopodioideae/Anserineae), Krascheninnikovia (Chenopodioideae/Axyrieae), Suaeda (Suadeoideae), Allenrolfea (Salicorneae), Pleuropetalum, Lagrezia, Gossypianthus, Tidestromia (Amaranthoideae).
STEGNOSPERMATACEAE (1/3).
SARCOBATACEAE (1/1).
PHYTOLACCACEAE ‣ Mexico has Agdestis.
PETIVERIACEAE ‣ Mexico has Ledenbergia.
NYCTAGINACEAE ‣ Mexico has Abronia, Acleisanthes, Allionia, Anulocaulis, Commicarpus, Cryptocarpus, Cyphomeris, Grajalesia, Mirabilis, Okenia, Pisoniella, Salpianthus and Tripterocalyx.
MONTIACEAE (5/27).
ANACAMPSEROTACEAE (1/1).
CACTACEAE ‣ Mexico no has Leuenbergerioideae, Maihuenioideae, Blossfeldioideae and Notocacteae. Overall, Mexico has 58 genera. Apart Cacteae and Opuntia, Mexico has (31/)188 spp. and Brazil (41/)253 spp.
Pereskiodeae (1/1) - Pereskia (1).
Opuntioideae (5/146) - Corynopuntia (3), Cylindropuntia (29), Grusonia (11), Opuntia (97), Pereskiopsis (6). Brazil has only (4/)15 spp.
Cactoideae/Cacteae: (26/)423 spp.; tribe absent in Brazil.
Cactoideae/Phyllocateae (23/117) - Aporocactus (2), Deamia (3), Disocactus (9), Epiphyllum (7), Kimnachia (1) and Selenicereus (19) in Hylocereinae; (17/)76 spp. outside Hylocereinae. Brazil has 5 spp. in Hylocereinae and 14 spp. outside Hylocereinae (in Frailea and Strophocactus).
Cactoideae/Rhipsalideae (1/1) - Rhipsalis (1).
Cactoideae/Cereae/Cereinae (2/10) - Melocactus (1), Pilosocereus (9).
CORNACEAE (1/4).
NYSSACEAE (1/1).
HYDRANGEACEAE (6/36).
LOASACEAE ‣ Mexico has Cevallia, Eucnide, Gronovia, Nasa, Petalonyx, Schismocarpus.
ERICALES
BALSAMINACEAE (1/1)
MARCGRAVIACEAE ‣ Mexico has Ruyschia.
POLEMONIACEAE (22/105).
FOUQUIERIACEAE (1/11).
PENTAPHYLACACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Cleyera, Symplococarpon.
PRIMULACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Androsace, Bonellia, Deherainia, Dodecatheon, Primula, Synardisia.
MITRASTEMONACEAE (1/1).
ACTINIDIACEAE (1/21).
ERICACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Chimaphila, Comarostaphylis, Leucothoe, Lyonia, Macleania, Monotropa, Ornithostaphylos, Orthaea, Orthilia, Pterospora, Pyrola, Sarcodes, Xylococcus.
AQUIFOLIALES
PHYLLONOMACEAE (1/1).
ICACINALES
ICACINACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Mappia.
METTENIUSALES
METTENIUSACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Oecopetalum, Ottoschulzia.
GARRYALES
GARRYACEAE (1/9).
GENTIANALES
RUBIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Arachnothryx, Arcytophyllum, Balmea, Berghesia, Blepharidium, Bouvardia, Carterella, Cosmocalyx, Coutaportla, Crusea, Deppea, Didymaea, Donnellyanthus, Eizia, Erithalis, Ernodea, Exostema, Glossostipula, Habroneuron, Hintonia, Houstonia, Martensianthus, Mexotis, Mitchella, Morinda, Nernstia, Nertera, Oldenlandiopsis, Omiltemia, Pinarophyllon, Pittoniotis, Placocarpa, Plocaniophyllon, Pseudomiltemia, Rachicallis, Rogiera, Rondeletia, Rovaeanthus, Solenandra, Sommera, Stenaria, Stenotis, Steyermarkia, Strumpfia, Stylosiphonia, Syringantha, Tessiera, Tournefortiopsis.
GENTIANACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Centaurium, Eustoma, Frasera, Geniostemon, Gentiana, Gentianella, Gentianopsis, Gyrandra, Halenia, Lisianthius, Sabatia, Zeltnera.
APOCYNACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Allotoonia, Alstonia, Amsonia, Apocynum, Bruceholstia, Cameraria, Cascabela, Dictyanthus, Echites, Fernaldia, Haplophyton, Metalepis, Pentalinon, Pherotrichis, Pinochia, Plumeria, Polystemma, Prosthecidiscus, Thenardia, Thoreauea, Thyrsanthella, Tintinnabularia, Vulcano.
SOLANALES
CONVOLVULACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Itzaea.
SOLANACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Brachistus, Browallia, Capsicophysalis, Chamaesaracha, Datura, Hunzikeria, Juanulloa, Nectouxia, Plowmania, Quincula, Salpiglossis, Schraderanthus, Schultesianthus, Tzeltalia.
BORAGINALES
BORAGINACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Amphibologyne, Amsinckia, Cryptantha, Eremocarya, Greeneocharis, Hackelia, Harpagonella, Johnstonella, Lappula, Lithospermum, Mertensia, Mimophytum, Oncaglossum, Oreocarya, Pectocarya, Plagiobothrys, Simpsonanthus.
HYDROPHYLLACEAE ‣ (7/112) ‣ Emmenanthe (1), Eucrypta (2), Hesperochiron (1), Nemophila (3), Nama (42), Phacelia (60) and Pholistoma (3).
NAMACEAE (4/46) ‣ Eriodictyon (4), Nama (42), Turricula (1) and Wigandia (1).
EHRETIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Bourreria, Lennoa, Pholisma, Rochefortia and Tiquilia.
LAMIALES
PLOCOSPERMATACEAE (1/1).
OLEACEAE ‣ Cartrema (1), Chionanthus (3), Forestiera (10), Fraxinus (14), Hesperelaea (1), Menodora (18).
TETRACHONDRACEAE (1/1).
PETENAEACEAE (1/1).
GESNERIACEAE (30 ✕ 26) ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Achimenes, Alloplectus, Alsobia, Amalophyllon, Eucodonia, Eucodonia, Gasteranthus, Glossoloma, Kohleria, Moussonia, Neomortonia, Niphaea, Oerstedina, Pachycaulos, Rhynchoglossum, Smithiantha, Solenophora, Trichodrymonia.
PLANTAGINACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Collinsia, Epixiphium, Galvezia, Gambelia, Hippuris, Keckiella, Lophospermum, Mabrya, Maurandella, Maurandya, Mohavea, Neogaerrhinum, Nuttallanthus, Penstemon, Pseudorontium, Rhodochiton, Russelia, Sairocarpus, Schistophragma, Sibthorpia, Synthyris, Tetranema, Uroskinnera.
SCROPHULARIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Alonsoa, Eremogeton, Leucophyllum and Scrophularia.
VERBENACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Junelia, Rehdera and Xolocotzia (one genus more than Brazil).
SCHLEGELIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Gibsoniothamnus.
MARTYNIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Martynia, Proboscidea.
BIGNONIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Amphitecna, Astianthus, Chilopsis, Parmentiera, Roseodendron, Tecoma.
ACANTHACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Anisacanthus, Aphanosperma, Barleria, Blechum, Bravaisia, Carlowrightia, Chalarothyrsus, Chileranthemum, Gypsacanthus, Henrya, Holographis, Hoverdenia, Louteridium, Mexacanthus, Mirandea, Spathacanthus, Tetramerium, Yeatesia.
LENTIBULARIACEAE ‣ Mexico has Pinguincula.
LAMIACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Acanthomintha, Agastache, Asterohyptis, Callicarpa, Catoferia, Mentha, Monarda, Monardella, Physostegia, Pogogyne, Poliomintha, Tetraclea, Trichostema, Warnockia.
PHRYMACEAE (7/48).
OROBANCHACEAE ‣ Mexico has unbrazilian Aphyllon, Aureolaria, Brachystigma, Chloropyron, Clevelandia, Conopholis, Cordylanthus, Dicranostegia, Epifagus, Kopsiopsis, Lamourouxia, Ophiocephalus, Pedicularis, Seymeria, Seymeria, Silviella.
ASTERALES
CAMPANULACEAE ‣ Mexico includes unbrazilian Calcaratolobelia, Campanula, Diastatea, Downingia, Githopsis, Heterotoma, Nemacladus, Palmerella, Pseudonemacladus, Wimmeranthus.
ASTERACEAE ‣ Mexico includes 383 genera (59 endemics) and 3,244 native species of Asteraceae, the largest amount of genera in a same family worldwide. Brazil has only 2,102 spp. in 271 genera. However, three subfamilies present in Brazil are absents in Mexico: Barbadesioideae, Stifftioideae, and Wunderlichioideae. Five other restricted subfamilies also are absents in Mexico: Famathinanthoideae (Argentina), Corymbioideae (South Africa), Hecastocleidoideae (SW U.S.A.), Pertyoideae (Asia) and Gymnarrhenoideae (Mediteranean region). Mexico includes only 5 subfamilies. The huge bulk of the advantage of Mexico against Brazil in Asteraceae resides in Asteroideae + Cichorieae + Cirsium/Plectocephalus + Acourtia/Jungia + Sinclairia. Mexico has 59 endemic genera.
Mutisioideae ▸ three clades, all in Mexico (7 genera) and Brazil.
Onosoreideae ▸ in Mexico occur only one sp. in Onoseris; in Brazil occur two genera (Onoseris, Lycoseris) and one sp. each.
Mutisieae ▸ Mexico has (3/)16 spp. (13 in Chaptalia, 1 in Adenocaulon, 2 in Leibnitzia), Brazil has (4/)28 (14 in Chaptalia). Brazil has one endemic genus, Mexico none.
Nassauvinae ▸ two genera in this clade are common for Brazil and Mexico: Jungia (2 in Mexico, one in Brazil) and Trixis (20 spp. in Mexico, 16 in Brazil). Acourtia only in Mexico (77 in country), and Cephalopappus, Criscia, Holocheilus, Panphalea and Perezia, only in Brazil.
Gochnatioideae ▸ Mexico includes only 7 spp., all in Nahuatlea. Brazil has 37 spp. in three genera, inc. two endemics.
Carduoideae ▸ Mexico includes two genera, Cirsium (45) and Plectocephalus (2). Brazil includes only one in the latter genus.
Cichorioideae ▸ 4 tribes occur in New World, Moquinieae endemic to Brazil, and three widely distributeds. Mexico includes (38)178 spp., and Brazil includes (58/)497.
Liabeae ▸ 28 spp. in Mexico (27 in Sinclairia, one in Liabum) and two in Brazil (both in Liabum).Vernonieae ▸ (19/)79 spp. in Mexico (inc. 21 in Eremosis, 12 in Vernonia), and (53/)478 in Brazil. 12 off 18 mexican genera occur in Brazil (excludes Eremosis), besides POWO citation, SEE). Mexican endemics: Bolanosa (1), Leiboldia (2) and Stramentopappus (2). Brazil includes 26 endemic genera.Cichorieae ▸ Mexico includes (17/)73 spp., Brazil only (4/)17. One endemic mexican genus: Marshalljohnstonia. Emblematic unbrazilian mexican genera: Lactuca and Crepis.
Asteroideae ▸ Mexico has (335/)2,900 spp. in this subfamily, and Brazil has only (185/)1,464. This subfamily includes 22 lineages, 6 does not occur neither Mexico or Brazil: Abrotanellinae, Doroniceae, Calenduleae, Athroismeae, Feddeae and Polymnieae. Among mexican genera, 334 are assignated in any lineage below, one (Bathysanthus) is unplaced. Mexico has 55 endemic genera in this subfamily (inc. Bathysanthus), Brazil only 40.
Inuleae - (4/)11 spp. in Mexico, and (5/)22 in Brazil. None endemic genera in these countries.
Eupatorieae - Mexico has (47/)653 spp. (381 in Ageratina, Stevia and Brickellia); Brazil has (85/)629. Eight mexican endemisms: Microspermum, Jaliscoa, Nesomia, Mexianthus, Paneroa, Ageratella, Alomia and Steviopsis.
Neurolaeneae - (4/)21 spp. in Mexico, (2/)92 spp. in Brazil. Greenmaniella endemic to Mexico.
Chaenactidae and Madieae occur in Mexico but non in Brazil; the former includes (1/)9 spp. in Mexico, and the former (15/)37 spp. Two mexican endemics: Baeriopsis and Adenothamnus.
Anthemideae - (3/)15 spp. in Mexico (inc. the holartic Achillea millefolium L., 13 Artemisia, one Soliva), (1/)3 in Brazil.
Perityleae - (8/)55 spp. in Mexico (39 only in Perityle), (1/)3 in Brazil. Two mexican endemics: Nesothamnus and Eutetras.
Senecioneae - (22/)241 spp. in Mexico (179 in Senecio, Psacalium and Roldana), (9/)96 in Brazil.
Millerieae - Mexico has (25/)185 spp. (104 in Melampodium, Tridax, Sabazia and Guardiola), Brazil only (8/)33 spp. 5 mexican endemics: Dyscritothamnus, Faxonia, Zandera, Stenocarpha, Axiniphyllum.
Bahieae - Mexico includes (13/)50 spp., Brazil only one sp., the widely Schkuhria schkuhrioides Thell. Two mexican endemics, Chaetymenia and Loxothysanus.
Helenieae - (11/)43 spp. in Mexico, only (3/)4 spp. in Brazil. One mexican endemic, Pelucha.
Tageteae - Mexico has (27/)175 spp., Brazil only (5/)27 spp. 11 mexican endemics: Arnicastrum, Coulterella, Bajacalia, Boeberoides, Boeberastrum, Gymnolaena, Hydropectis, Leucactinia, Strotheria, Urbinella, Oxypappus.
Coreopsidinae - (13/)192 spp. in Mexico, only (5/)27 spp. in Brazil, boht with a endemic genus (Goldamanella and Staurochlamys, respectively).
Gnaphalieae - Mexico has (15/)75 spp., Brazil has (11/)70 spp. Brazil and Mexico have one endemic genus each (Mexerion and Stenophalium, respectively).
Heliantheae - (76/)698 spp. in Mexico, only (27/)225 spp. in Brazil. 13 mexican endemics: Calanticaria, Chromolepis, Damnxanthodium, Davilanthus, Dugesia, Gonzalezia, Hybridella, Iostephane, Perymeniopsis, Plagiolophus, Tehuana, Trichocoryne, Vigethia.
Astereae - Mexico has (50/)437 spp., Brazil only (17/)227. 7 mexican endemics: Aztecaster, Aquilula, Batopilasia, Stephanodoria, Tomentaurum, Sanrobertia, Geissolepis.
APIALES
APIACEAE ‣ Mexico has (40/)233 spp., unbrazilian genera:
Mackinlayoideae: Micropleura (1, Mexico to Colombia).
Apioideae/Oenatheae: Berula (1, Africa, temp. Northern Hemisphere to Mexico), Cicuta (2, temp. Northern Hemisphere), Neogoezia (5, Mexico), Oenanthe (1).
Apioideae/Rivasmartinezia clade: Conioselinum (1, N. America, temp. Eurasia), Ligusticum (2, temp. Northern Hemisphere to N. Mexico), Villarrealia (1, Mexico).
Apioideae/Scandiceae: Chaerophyllum (2), Osmorhiza (3), Yabea (1, W. Canada to NW. Mexico).
Apioideae/Selineae: Angelica ;L. (2, temp. Northern Hemisphere), Apiastrum (1, SW. U.S.A. to NW. Mexico), Arracacia (34, Mexico to Bolivia), Coaxana (2, S. Mexico to Guatemala), Coulterophytum (4, W. Mexico), Cymopterus (3), Dahliaphyllum (1, SW. Mexico), Donnellsmithia (19, Mexico to W. Venezuela), Enantiophylla (1, C. America), Lomatium (5), Mathiasella (1), Musineon (1, WC. & C. Canada to N. Mexico), Myrrhidendron (1, SE. Mexico to Ecuador), Neonelsonia (1, S. Mexico to Guatemala, W. South America to Venezuela), Ottoa (1), Prionosciadium (23), Rhodosciadium (15), Spermolepis (5, Hawaiian Is., U.S.A. to N. & E. Mexico, Argentina), Tauschia (25), Vesper (1, W. & C. U.S.A. to NW. Mexico). ;
Saniculideae: Sanicula (7).
DIPSACALES
CAPRIFOLIACEAE ‣ 4/57
Dipsacoidae - Mexico has unbrazilian Lonicera (7) and Symphoricarpos (7).
Linnaeoideae - Mexico has unbrazilian Vesalea (5).
Valerianoideae - Valeriana (38).