The Embryophyta, or land plants, are the most familiar group of green plants that comprise vegetation on Earth. Embryophytes have a common ancestor with green algae, having emerged within the Phragmoplastophyta clade of green algae as sister of the Zygnematophyceae. Living embryophytes therefore include hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants. The tree below is one of the most consensual about the evolution of the group (Wikipedia). Bryophyta s.l. are a proposed taxonomic division containing three groups of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
The most complete data from bryophytes in Neotropics is Hallingbäck and Nick Hodgetts (Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts, 2000), assignated here as [1]; some data also in Delgadillo (Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico, 2000).
In summary, Colombia has advantage of 5 spp. against Brazil in Marchantiophyta (no advantage in genera), 65 spp. in Bryophyta (no advantagem in genera), and none advantages in Anthocerophyta. Mexico no has advantages against Brazil in Marchantiophyta and Anthocerophyta, and an advantage of 4 families, 57 genera and 114 spp. in Bryophyta.
|
| PHYLOGENETIC TREE OF VIRIDIPLANTAE |
MARCHANTIOPHYTA
Liverworts has (87:386/)7,273 spp. worldwide, by Lars Söderström et al. (PhytoKeys, 2016).
Colombia has (37:134/)703 spp. (37 endemics; CTLC, BOOK, 2016); Brazil has (39:132/)698 spp. (Reflora, 2023; 143 endemics). Brazil has 3 families absents in Colombia (Chonecoleaceae, Oxymitraceae, Sphaerocarpaceae); Colombia has one family absent in Brazil: Pseudolepicoleaceae (3/3 in country). Mexico includes (122:)592 spp. [1] and varieties in this class (Delgadillo-Moya, Botanical Sciences, 2022).
By [1], endemic genera occur in northern Andes (7), Amazonia (5), Guianan Highlands (4), SE Brazil (2, Pluvianthus, Vittalianthus), and Chocó (1); Geocalycaceae is placed under Lophocoleaceae in CPLC, and Solenostomataceae under Jungermanniaceae.
BRYOPHYTA
Mosses has c. 12,000 spp. worldwide (Wikipedia). Colombia has (65:261/)932 spp. (52 endemics; CTLC, BOOK, 2016). Brazil has (71:268/)867 spp. (209 endemics; largest diveristy of genera, 8 endemics, Costa, D.P. et al., The New York Botanical Garden Press, 2023). Mexico has (75:325/)984 spp. (Delgadillo-Moya, Rev. Mex. Biodiv. vol.85, 2014).
By [1], endemic genera occur in central Andes (12), Mexico (7), SE Brazil (5, Cladostomum, Crumuscus, Itatiella, Moseniella, Paranapiacabaea), northern Andes (4), Caribbean (3), Central America (2), Amazonia (2), and Guianas Highlands (2).
ANTHOCEROPHYTA
Hornworts has (5:12/)213 spp. worldwide, by Lars Söderström et al. (PhytoKeys, 2016).
Anthocerotaceae (2/78)
Anthoceros L. (60).
Folioceros D.C.Bharadwaj (18)
Dendrocerotaceae (4/70)
Dendroceros Nees (41)
Megaceros Campb. (11)
Nothoceros (R.M.Schust.) J.Haseg (10)
Phaeomegaceros R.J.Duff (8)
Phymatocerotaceae (1/2)
Phymatoceros Stotler (2)
Notothyladoideae (1/22)
Notothylas Sull. ex A.Gray (22)
Phaeocerotoideae (3/40)
Mesoceros Piippo (2)
Paraphymatoceros Hässel (4)
Phaeoceros Prosk. (34)
Leiosporocerotaceae (1/1)
Leiosporoceros Hässel (1)
Gradstein (Caldasia, 2018) cites (4:7/)15 spp. in Colombia. Brazil has (4:7/)18 spp. (Reflora, 2023, 3 endemics). Notothyladaceae has identical genera in both countries. Dendrocerotaceae has a genus in Colombia absent in Brazil (Phaeomegaceros R.J.Duff); Brazil has one genus in Anthocerotaceae absent in Colombia (Folioceros DC); and both countries has a exclusive family againt the other: Phymatocerotaceae (Phymatoceros Stotler, W.T. Doyle & Crand.-Stotl.) in Brazil, and Leiosporoceroaceae (Leiospoceros Hässel) in Colombia. Mexico has (3:3/)9 spp. in this class, among Anthoceros, Nothoceros and Phaeoceros, plus at least 7 undescribeds (Delgadillo-Moya, Botanical Sciences, 2022), 3 endemics.