Fagaceae (2/2), Betulaceae (1/1), Juglandaceae (3/3), Myricaceae (1/5), Collumeliaceae (2/2), Dipentodontaceae (1/7), Brunelliaceae (1/36), Tapisciaceae (1/3), Polemoniaceae (2/3), Montiaceae (2/5), Actinidiaceae (1/34), Grossulariaceae (1/9), Dipterocarpaceae (1/1), Cytinaceae (1/1), Hydrangeaceae (1/3), Phyllonomaceae (1/1), Papaveraceae (1/2), Nelumbonaceae (1/1), Hamamelidaceae (1/1), Mitrastemonaceae (1/1), Alzateaceae (1/1), Namaceae (1/1), Phrymaceae (2/2), Peltantheracae (1/1), Cornaceae (1/1), Tovariaceae (1/1), Coriariaceae (1/1), and Tetrachondraceae (1/1).
Diference Colombia ▸ Brazil in Araceae (data of VPA): overall 371; less Anthurium: 140; now less Philodendron: 91; now less Xanthosoma: 67; now less Stenospermation: 46; now less Chlorospatha: 3.Diference Colombia ▸ Brazil in Gesneriaceae (data of VPA): overall 150; less Columnea: 57; now less Besleria: 20; now less Drymonia: -10.Diference Colombia ▸ Brazil in Orchidaceae (data of VPA): overall 1,455; less Lepanthes, Masdevallia, Dracula, Stelis and Pleurothallis, all in tribe Pleurothallidinae: 352; now less Epidendrum: -31.
INFRAFAMILIAR COLOMBIAN GROUPS ABSENTS IN BRAZIL
MAGNOLIIDS
ANNONACEAE ‣ all New World groups occur in Brazil except tribe Miliuseae (29/490-495); New World members composes Sapranthinae subtribe, with three genera, Desmopsis Saff., Sapranthus Seem. and Stenanona Standl., all from Mexico to Colombia, the first also in Cuba.
MONOCOTS
ARECACEAE ‣ 11 of the 15 South American tribes occur in Brazil; Colombian exceptions are tribe Sabaleae (Coryphoideae, 1/14) with Sabal Adans in Colombia and Venezuela; tribe Ceroxyleae (Ceroxyloideae, 4/34) with Ceroxylon Humb. & Bonpla. from Venezuela to Bolivia and Juan Fernandes in Chile; tribe Roystoneae (Arecoideae, 1/11) with Roystonea O.F.Cook in Colombia and Venezuela; and tribe Reinhardtieae (Arecoideae, 1/6) with Reinhardtia Liebm. in NW Colombia.
BROMELIACEAE ‣ all South American clades occur in Brazil except tribe Glomeropitcairnieae in Tillandsioideae (1/2) in N Venezuela; and Greigia clade in Bromelioideae (4/41) from Mexico to Chile (continental and insular), Argentina and Venezuela.
CYPERACEAE ‣ all 14 South American tribes occur in Brazil except tribe Scirpeae (9/74) with (6/)21 spp. in continent, from Colombia to Chile and Argentina.
POACEAE ‣ despite the huge amount of genera in Pooideae and Chloridioideae does not occur in Brazil, all South American tribes and subfamilies in the family occur in Brazil except subf. Arundinoideae (11-13/35-37) with Phragmites australis (Nees) Döll in all coutries of New World except Brazil, Paraguay and some Caribbean Is., and tribe Brachypodieae (1/18) at Pooideae with Brachypodium mexicanum (Roem. & Schult.) Link from Colombia to Bolivia. Furthermore, 7 subtribes in Pooideae and 8 in Chloridioideae in Brazilian tribes occur in South America but non in Brazil.
BASAL ANGIOSPERMS
RANUNCULACEAE ‣ two subfamilies in South America, subf. Ranunculoideae in Brazil and subf. Thalictroideae (7-8/280-340) absent, with 7 spp. of Thalictrum All. from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina.
BUXACEAE ‣ two subfamilies, Brazilin absent is Buxeae (1/101), which in South America occur only from Colombia, Venezuela and Suriname.
CRASSULACEAE ‣ two genera in South America, one in a each subfamily; Crassuloideae occur in Brazil, and subf. Sempervivoideae (18/970-1,000) has Sedum L. in continent, with 43 spp. from Venezuela to Argentina, mainly in Peru.
FABIDS
CELASTRACEAE ‣ nine lineages in South America, seven in Brazil, two absents, one in Colombia: tribe Stackhousioideae (18/89) with two spp. of Crossopetalum P. Browne from Venezuela to Peru.
MALPIGHIACEAE ‣ 13 lineages in South America, all in South America except Ectopopterys clade (1/1), restricted fro Colombia to Peru.
VIOLACEAE ‣ two subfamilies, subf. Violoideae occur in Brazil, and subf. Fusispermoideae (1/3) is absent, with two spp. of Fusispermum Hekking. from Colombia to Peru.
EUPHORBIACEAE ‣ all South American clades occur in Brazil except tribe Aleuritidae (15/60), with Garcia nutans Vahl ex Rohr in Colombia.
FABACEAE ‣ 33 clades in South America, 31 tribes among three subfamilies and, and two small subfamilies; all Colombian occur in Brazil except Prioria clade (3/16) with Prioria copaifera Griseb. in NW Colombia; and Cladrastidoids clade (3/18) with Styphnolobium sporadicum in NW Colombia.
ROSACEAE ‣ 7 tribes occur in South America, 5 in Brazil; absents are tribe Spireeae (8/90-110), with Holodiscus argenteus (L.f.) Maxim. in Colombia, and tribe Pyrodeae (27/700-730), with two genera and 18 spp. from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile; among native Brazilian tribe Potentilleae, subtribe Potentiliinae (1/493) is absent in Brazil, with 4 spp. of Potentilla L. from Venezuela to Argentina.
MALVIDS
MELASTOMATACEAE ‣ 18 lineages, 17 tribes of subf. Melastomatoideae plus two genera from subf. Olisbeoideae occur in South America, only two are absents in Brazil, both in Colombian: tribe Astronieae (4/156) with 4 spp. of Tessmannianthus Markgr. in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; and tribe Cyphostyleae (4/20), fully exclusive from Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Brazil has three tribes absents in Colombia.
ANACARDIACEAE ‣ six lineages (one small subfamily, two singled tribes in Anacardioideae, and three clades within tribe Anacardieae) occur in South America, all in Brazil except Clade 3 for Anacardieae (10/c. 100), with 16 spp. of Mauria Kunth in Venezuela to Bolivia.
SAPINDACEAE ‣ 11 lineages in South America (one small subfamily and 10 tribes within two remaining subfamilies), two Colombian absents in Brazil: subf. Hipocastonoideae (5/180-185), with one Billia Peyr. in Colombia; tribe Doratoxyleae (8/19) at Dodonaeoideae, with one Exothea Macfad in Colombia and Ecuador.
RUTACEAE ‣ Amyridoideae (3/42), Brazilian absent with Amyris P. Browne with 12 spp. occur from Venezuela to Peru and Guianas.
CLEOMACEAE ‣ six lineages in the New World, four in Brazil, Iltisella Clade (1/2) only in Mexico and Central America, and Andean Clade (4/39), from Mexico to Bolivia and Caribbean.
BRASSICACEAE ‣ two subfamilies, Aethionomoideae (1/56) and Brassicoideae, the latter with 5 supertribes, all in New World, 4 in South America, and 57 tribes belongs in this family, 12 in South America, two in Brazil (tribes Cardamineae and Lepidieae), and seven in Colombia absent in Brazil:
▪ tribes Descuiraneae (6/c. 45, 12 spp. in three genera from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile), and Halimolobeae (6/39, 13 spp. in 4 genera from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile) at supertibe Camelinodae.
▪ Thelypodieae (28/260, 96 spp. within 14 genera in South America) and Brassiceae (c. 36/c. 275, with Cakile lanceolata (Willd.) O.E. Schulz in Colombia and Venezuela) at supertibe Brassicodae.
▪ tribes Eudemeae (10/42-43, all from Colombia to Argentina and Chile) and Cremolobeae (4/c.32, all from Colombia to Argentina and Chile) at supertibe Heliophiloidae.
▪ supertibe Arabodeae (45/680-750), with 84 spp. in two genera from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile.
MALVACEAE ‣ nine subfamilies, 8 in South America, all of them and your tribes occur in Brazil except subfamily Tilioideae (3/37), from temperate regions on the Northern Hemisphere, with Mortoniodendron Standl. & Steyerm (15) reaching to NW Colombia in South America.
BASAL ASTERIDS
NYCTAGINACEAE ‣ six lineages in South America (three small subfamilies and three tribes in subf. Nyctaginoideae), two of them absents in Brazil: subf. Boldoideae (3/3), with two spp. and genera from Colombia to Bolivia; and tribe Colignonieae (1/6) exclusive from Colombia to Argentina.
CACTACEAE ‣ 13 lineages at this family (3 small subfamilies and 10 tribes within Opuntioideae and Cactoideae), all in South America, 5 absents in Brazil, two in Colombia: tribe Tephrocacteae (7/57) at subf. Opuntioideae, restricted from Colombia to Argentina and Chile, at Cactoideae; and tribe Cacteae (32-35/405-425) with two spp. of Mamillaria Haworth in Colombia and Venezuela.
LOASACEAE ‣ three subfamilies, all in Brazil except Gronoviodeae (4/9) with Gronovia scandens L. from Venezuela and Peru.
TETRAMERISTACEAE ‣ a smaller family with two genera in South America, the monotypic Pentamerista Maguire at tribe Tetrameristeae in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela, and Pelliciera Planch. & Triana at tribe Pelliciereae, with one sp. in mangroves from Ecuador and Colombia.
ERICACEAE ‣ 8 lineages (two small subfamilies and six tribes within two remaining subfamilies) occur in South America, three Braziian absents, one in Colombia: subf. Monotropoideae (14/55-60) with one Monotropa L.
LAMIIDS
SOLANACEAE ‣ family with several lineages with dubious nomenclatural position; 19 lineages in South America, 7 subfamily-equivalent plus 12 tribe-equivalent within subfamilies Cestroideae and Solanoideae, six absents in Brazil, only tribe Browallieae (1/17) in Colombia.
GENTIANACEAE ‣ six tribes in South America, only one absent in Brazil: tribe Gentianeae (17/940-970), with 218 spp. in South America in three genera, all in Colombia.
APOCYNACEAE ‣ all South American clades of Apocynaceae occur in South America except two, inc. monogeneric subtribes Pentacyphinae (5, Venezuela to Peru), present in Colombia.
RUBIACEAE ‣ 31 tribes in South America, only two absents in Brazil: tribe Rondeletieae (13/c. 210) with 13 spp. of Rondeletia L. from Venezuela to Peru; and tribe Anthospermeae (10/210-215), with 7 spp. in three genera from Venezuela to Chile and Argentina.
GESNERIACEAE ‣ two of the three South American subfamilies do not occur in Brazil; subf. Epithemateae (7/c. 80) has a single New World species, Rhynchoglossum azureum (Schltdl.) B.L. Burtt, from Mexico to Honduras, Costa Rica to Peru; all South American clades in Gesnerioideae occur in Brazil, except two, inc. subtribe Gesneriinae (4/c. 70), with two spp. of Rhytidophyllum Mart. in Colombia and Venezuela
PLANTAGINACEAE ‣ nine lineages (2 small subfamilies and 7 tribes within three remaining subfamilies) in South America, three absents in Brazil, all in Colombia: tribe Sibthorpieae (2/6) with two spp. of Sibthorpia L. from Venezuela to Argentina, these within subf. Plantaginoideae; tribe Russelioideae Jacq. within a unnamed Brazilian absent family, with R. sarmentosa Jacq. in Colombia; and subf. Antirrhinoideae (26/290-300) with 9 spp. along three genera from Venezuela to Argentina.
SCROPHULARIACEAE ‣ four lineages in South America, all with a single genus in continent, one absent in Brazil: tribe Hemimeridae (5/c. 160), with Alonsoa Ruiz & Pav. (10) from Venezuela to Argentina and Chile.
LAMIACEAE ‣ 12 subfamilies, seven in New World and in Brazil except except the Callicarpa Clade, composed exclusively by the genus Callicarpa L. with only C. acuminata Kunth in South America, up to Venezuela and Bolivia.
OROBANCHACEAE ‣ four tribes of this family occur in South America, Orobancheae (12/c. 180) and Rhinantheae (15/340-510) absents in Brazil, the former in Colombia with Neobartsia L.
BIGNONIACEAE ‣ six tribes occur in Bignoniaceae, three absents in Brazil, all in Colombia: Tourretieae (2/4, Mexico to Argentina), Tecomeae (11/72, North America, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Mexico to Nicaragua, Peru to Chile and Argentina, with T. stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth up to Mexico) and Delostomeae (1/4, Venezuela to Peru).
CAMPANULIDS
APIACEAE ‣ all 5 major clades in South America occur in Brazil, the majority however with a minimal amount of representative genera; the large family groups from Colombia absent in Brazil is the subtribe-level Arracacia clade (15 genera, 8 from Venezuela to Bolivia, 41 spp. in continent).
Amaranthus (Amaranthaceae) ‣ by Waselkov et al. (Systematic Botany, 2018), four well defined clades, all in South America, not exactly concordant with the classical classification of the genus, only two in Brazil, ESA clade and Hybridus clade, three spp. each.
Anthurium (Araceae) ‣ 18 sections accepted here - Croat (Aroideana, 1983); Croat, T. B., Lingán, J. & Hayworth, D.(Rodriguésia, 2005); Temporini (Thesis, 2006); Carlsen & Croat (Annals of Mss. Bot. Garden, 2019); for an illustrated breakdown of the genus, see Croat (MOBOT, 2017).
Andiphilum - 25 spp., mainly Central America.
Belolonchium - 220 spp.
Calomystrium - 184 spp.
Cardiolonchium - 175 spp.
Chamaerepium - only one sp., A. radicans K. Koch, endemic to Brazil.
Dactylphyllium - 24 spp., tropical America.
Decurrentia - 45 spp., from Central America to N Brazil.
Digitinervium - 41 spp., Costa Rica to tropical Andes.
Gymnopodium - only one sp., A. gymnopus Griseb. from Cuba.
Leptanthurium - a single sp., A. gracile (Rudge) Schott, over tropical America.
Multinervia - 16 spp.
Pachyneurim - 156 spp. (inc. several species formerly placed in Urospadix section), birds’s nestings, over tropical America.
Polyneurium - tropical America.
Polyphyllium - two spp., A. flexile Schott and and A. clidemioides Standley, Mexico to Colombia.
Porphyrochitonium - 215 spp., a large group from Costa Rica to Ecuador, mainly in Colombia.
Semaeophyllium - 23 spp., Nicaragua to Peru (Carlsen & Croat, Harvard Papers in Botany, 2007).
Tetraspermuim - 35 spp., scandent hersb, over tropical America.
Urospadix - 60 spp., endemic to E Brazil.
Xialophyllium - 108 spp., tropical America.
Bauhinia (Fabaceae) ‣ Wunderlin et al. (Biolgiske Skrifter Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 1987), with updates for Wunderlin (Phytoneuron, 2010), only subg. Bauhinia occur in New World, divided in section Bauhinia, Pauletia, Amaria, Alvesia, Micralvesia, Telestria, Pseudophanera, Afrobauhinia and Gigasiphon, only three firsts in New World. sect. Amaria (c. 15, N South America to Mexico) is fewer represented in Brazil.
Begonia (Begoniaceae) ‣ Brazil and Colombia has the same number of sections, both one after Peru and Ecuador.
Berberis (Berberidaceae) ‣ Colombia has 5 sections, Brazil only three.
Bomarea (Alstroemeriaceae) ‣ by Hofreiter (Systematic Botany, 2008), four subgenera belongs this genus: subg. Baccata (5, Panamá to N Colombia in South America), subg. Bomarea (80, all range of genus, including the single Brazilian species), subg. Wichuraea (18, high Andes) and subg. Sphaerine (12 spp., Venezuela to Bolivia).
Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae) ‣ 24 sections within 3 subgenera by Molau (1988), but most of them are polyphyletic, and the division proves to be unsuitable - Andersson (Taxon, 2006).
Callandrinia (Montiaceae) ‣ two sections, sect. Calandrinia (8, W America, distributed along the American cordillera nearly from British Colombia to SW U.S.A. and NW Mexico, central Mexico to the Central Andes of N Argentina (except Panama), Buenos Aires Province in Argentina, throughout all but the southernmost, and one species possibly native to the Falkland Islands) and sect. Cespitosae (11, W South America, two species of the Central Andes, one extending to Central America and southern Mexico) - Hershkovitz (Article, 2019).
Cattleya (Orchidaceae) ‣ 4 subgenera, subg. Cattleya (91) with three sections: sect. Cattleya (17, over South America), sect. Crispae (71, over South America) and sect. Lawrenceanae (3, N Brazil and Venezuela); subg. Cattleyella (1, S Pará to Tocantins state, in center Brazil), subg. Intermediae (21, over South America, mainly Brazil) and subg. Maximae (1, Venezuela to Peru) - Van Den Berg (Phytotaxa, 2014).
Chusquea (Poaceae) ‣ 5 genera, 6 sections and 5 groups, all from Brazil except four sections within subg. Chusquea (Longifoliae, Longiprophyllae, Serpentes and Verticillatae), C. culeou group in subg. Swallenochloa from southern Andes (0–2,000m), and subg. Platonia from Colombia to Ecuador - Fisher et al. (Systematic Botany, 2014).
Citharexylum (Verbenaceae) ‣ by O´Leary et al. (American Journal of Botany, 2020), three subgenera: subg. Purpuratum (1, endemic to Mexico), Citharexylum (sects. Citharexylum, Mexicanum, Pluriflorum) and subg. Sudamericanum (sects. Andinum, Caribe and Sylvaticum); three sections are exclusive from U.S.A to Nicaragua; one is exclusive to Caribbean; and remaining three in South America, one Brazilian absent: sect. Citharexylum (25-30) belongs subg. Citharexylum, mainly Mesoamerica, six extend into the Caribbean and N South America.
Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) ‣ genus with 8 sections, Calyptrosolen (20), mainly in Mexico and Central America but with a few species in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, unique South American absent in Brazil - Maya-Lastra & Steinmann (Taxon, 2018).
Cobaea (Polemoniaceae) ‣ 4 sections: sect. Cobaea is mainly Mexican, with one species occurring in the Andes; sect. Pachysepalae is restricted to southern Mexico and Guatemala; sect. Rosenbergia is widespread in the neotropics; and sec. Triovulatae is restricted to central Mexico, Costa Rica, and Panama - Prater (Systematic Botany, 1999).
Croton (Euphorbiaceae) ‣ 31 sections in the New World, 22 in South America, of which three are absent from Brazil, two in Colombia: Cupreati (1, Colombia and Ecuador) and Drepanii (6, only C. costatus (weed) in South America, on the coast of Colombia and Venezuela).
Erythranthe (Phrymaceae) ‣ 12 sections, 8 only in North America/Mexico (29), two from Asia/North America (18 in North America and 10 in Asia), and three also in South America: sect. Sinopitheca (4, Asia and E. bridgesii (Benth.) G.L. Nesom in Chile and Argentina), sect. Mimulosma (18, E. stolonifera (Novopokr.) G.L. Nesom from Russia, 17 spp. from U.S.A. and Mexico, E. moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) G.L. Nesom disjunct in Chile) and sect. Simiola (38, restricted from North America and Mexico, nine in Chile (4 of then reaching into Argentina, 1 into Bolivia) and adjacent southern coast of Peru, and one, E. glabrata (Kunth) G.L. Nesom, in U.S.A., Mexico, and disjunct in Colombia) - Barker, Nesom, Beardsley & Fraga (Phytoneuron, 2012).
Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) ‣ a large and high morphological diverse genus with 4 subgenera and 64 sections, only 18 in New World, 10 in Brazil. Two colombian sections are absents in Brazil: sects. Crepidaria from Caribbean Basin; sect. Euphorbiastrum occur in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru to S Mexico and Caribbean.
Fuchsia (Onagraceae) ‣ 9 sections, two Colombian absents in Brazil: sect. Fuchsia (61, tropical Andes, Hispaniola) and sect. Hemsleyella (14, tropical Andes).
Gunnera (Gunneraceae) ‣ sect. Misandra (2, Andean region) occur in Colombia and is absent in Brazil.
Heliotropium (Heliotropiaceae) ‣ 4 clades, three in South America, with Cochranea clade (17), a single section, from Andes of Colombia to Chile, the unique clade in Colombia absent in Brazil.
Herrania (Malvaceae) ‣ two sections: sect. Herrania (3, Panamá, Colombia and Venezuela) and sect. Subcymbicalyx (14, over range of genus) - C. R. S. Silva and A. Figueira (Plant Syst. Evol., 2004).
Juglans (Juglandaceae) ‣ 4 sections, sect. Trachycaryon monotypic endemic to E North America, sect. Juglans with J. regia L. from Europe to China and the Himalayas and J. sigillata Dode endemic to China, sect. Cardiocaryon with three spp. from China, Japan and Korea; and sect. Rhysocaryon (16), the black walnuts, endemic to the New World and includes nine North American, three Central American and all four South American taxa - Mallikarjuna (Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2006).
Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) ‣ sect. Talauma has 4 subsections: subsect. Chocotalauma (6, three in Colombia and three in Ecuador), subsect. Cubenses (10, Caribbean), subsect. Dugandiodendron (22, E Venezuelan and Andes from Colombia to Peru) and subsect. Talauma (Mexico to the south of Brazil, including the other 35 spp. on the continent, four of then in Brazil).
Manihot (Euphorbiaceae) ‣ 19 sections, 14 in Brazil, only one in Colombia absent in Brazil: sect. Carthaginensis (2) from N Venezuela to N Colombia.
Meriania (Melastomataceae) ‣ five sections: Eumerianie, Umbellata, Pachymeriae, Davya and Adelbertia, the two lasts in Brazil - Chiavegatto & Baumgratz (Systematic Botany, 2015).
Montia (Montiaceae) ‣ three sections, sect. Montia (6, including the widespread M. fontana L. and two species from NW South America), sect. Australiensis (9, 8 in Australia/New Zealand and one in NW North America and SW Canada) and sect. Montiastrum (4, NW North America and NE Asia) - Hershkovitz (Article, 2019).
Nicotiana (Solanaceae) ‣ Colombian sections absents in Brazil: Noctiflorae and Rusticae.
Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) ‣ six subgenera, with a odd in South America: N. ampla (Salisb.) DC., from Brachyceras subgenus.
Passiflora (Passifloraceae) ‣ Colombian subdivisions absents in Brazil only sect. Astrophea (Colombia to Peru, giants Passiflora) in subg. Astrophea; sect Hahniopathanthus (5, Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela) in subg. Decaloba; sect. Tryphostemmatoides (4, Nicaragua to Ecuador) in subg. Deidamioides; and supersect. Tacsonia in subg. Passiflora (62-64 spp., Andes).
Pavonia (Malvaceae) ‣ 5 subgenera, 15 sections and 9 subsections emerges of this genus, all South American in Brazil except sect. Albae in subg. Asterochlamys (3, Mexico to Colombia and Venezuela) and sect. Diathericae in subg. Typhalea (1, endemic to mangroves in Pacific coast of Colombia).
Peperomia (Piperaceae) ‣ modern analyzes (Wanke, Plant. Biol., 2006) indicate a arrangement with 8 distinct lineages; by the species analyzed in the work, Brazilian members are confirmed for all clades except clade A.
Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) ‣ only a single lineage in South America absent in Brazil: sect. Oxalistylis monotypic from Costa Rica to Peru and Venezuela.
Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) ‣ three subgenera, two in South America, subg. Isoloba (19, four sections, only sect. Ampullipalatum in South America with 9 spp. all restricteds from continent, 4 from Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, and 5 in Argentina and Chile), subg. Pinguincula (25-30, northern hemisphere, absent in continent) and subg. Temnoceras (63-73, four sections, only one in South America, sect. Heterophylliformis, a monotypic section, with P. elongata Benj. from Andes of Colombia and Venezuela) - Fleischmann (Carnivorous Plant Newletter, 2021).
Piper (Piperaceae) ‣ three main lineages: Neotropical, Asian, and South Pacific; these main lineages comprise ten major clades; Neotropical lineage can be subdivided in to eight clades, all occur in Brazil except clade Piper cinereum/P. aurita clade, with two spp., from Mexico to Ecuador, Venezuela, Suriname and French Guiana.
Poa (Poaceae) ‣ joined data from Soreng et al (Aarhus, 2010) and Poa in Flora of China (SEE), five subgenera belongs this genus, Ochlopoa, Pseudopoa, Poa, Stenopoa and Sylvestres; in New World occur the following taxa: subg. Poa sects Macropoa, Homalopoa and Poa, subg. Ochlopoa sects Alpinae and Parodiochloa, subg. Stenopoa sects Pandemos, Secundae and Stenopoa, and subg. Sylvestres. Sections absents in South America: Pseudopoa (5, NE Africa, C and SW Asia, Europe) and Sylvestres (endemic to North America) - Giussani et al. (Annals of Botany, 2016).
Quercus (Fagaceae) ‣ two subgenera (Quercus and Cerris, only the first in New World) and eight sections; South American member Q. humboldtii Bonpl. belongs subg. Quercus section Lobatae, a high clade with 120 spp. exclusively from New World - Denk et al (Tree Physiology, 2007).
Sanicula (Apiaceae) ‣ with data of Kronister (Thesis, 2013) and Vargas et al. (Systematic Botany, 1999), 4 sections make up this genus: sect. Pseudopetagnia (6, Asia), sect. Sanicoria (18, W North America, 3 in Hawaii), sect. Sanicula (13, cosmopolitan, only one in Asia, includind the three South American spp.) and sect. Tuberculatae (3, China, Korea and Japan).
Saurauia (Actinidiaceae) ‣ there is no global genus review; by Soejarto (Fieldiana, 1980), for South America, there are 7 sections, all exclusives from continent, with largest numbers in Colombia (6, Omichlophilea endemic) and Peru (5, Gynotrichae endemic).
Sedum (Crassulaceae) ‣ a chaotic genus with two major groups, Leucosedum clade (200, Sedeae p.p., inc. Pistorinia, Rosularia, Prometheum, Afrovivella, Sedella, Dudleya, Sedum p.p.) and Acre clade (550, Sedeae p.p., Cremnophila, Echeveria, Graptopetalum, Lenophyllum, Pachyphytum, Thompsonella, Villadia, Sedum p.p.) - Messerschmid & al. (Taxon, 2020).
Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae) ‣ Colombian sections absents in Brazil: sect. Echthronema (7, W North to Colombia, Peru and Bolivia), sect. Hydastylus (6, North America, Central America, W South America and Hawaii) and sect. Segetia (6, W South America).
Stelis (Orchidaceae) ‣ Karremans (Lankesteriana, 2019) - recognizes ten subgenera in this genus, 6 in Brazil and 4 absents, all in Colombia: Physosiphon (6, Mexico to Bolivia), Condylago (2, Panamá and Colombia), Uncifera (42, Mexico to Bolivia) and Dracontia (40, Mexico to Andes).
Viola (Vioaceae) ‣ 664 species accepted into 2 subgenera, 31 sections, and 20 subsections; subg. Neoandinium has 139 spp. in 11 sections, 7 only from Argentina and Chile, sect. Inconspicuiflos (8) is endemic to Peru, and three remainig widely in W South America; subg. Viola has 20 sections, of which 7 occur in South America: sect. Chilenium (2, Colombia to Patagonia), sect. Leptidium (18, Mexico to Bolivia, Lesser Antilles, SE Brazil), sect. Nosphinium subsect. Mexicanae (10, Mexico to Ecuador), sect. Rubellium (3, endemic to C Chile), sect. Tridens (1, Chile and Argentina), sect. Viola subsect. Rostratae (51, north-temperate, except for V. huidobrii Gay in Argentina and Chile, and one in New Guinea), sect. Xanthidium (2, Peru to N Argentina) - Marcussen et al. (Plants, 2022).
Voyria (Gentianaceae) ‣ this genus has two well distinct subgenera: subg. Voyria (only V. caerulea Aubl. in Brazil) and subg. Leiphaimos (all remaining species in country), by Gomes et al. (Taxon, 2022).
FERNS ET ALIESColombia has an advantage in the two largest groups: Marchantiophyta (703 ✕ 698) and Bryophyta (932 ✕ 896). In addition, Colombia has 2 more genera of Marchantiophyta. However, the advantage is Brazilian in all other comparisons.
LYCOPHYTES
In Lycopodiales, largest diversities in New World are Colombia (8/94, 75 only in Phlegmariurus), Brazil (9/62), U.S.A. (8/23, c. 1/3 in Huperzia) and Mexico (6/23, 17 in Phlegmariurus). Brazil leads Colombia in all colombian genera except tied status in Lycopodiella (4 ✕ 4), Austrolycopodium (1 ✕ 1), Diphasium (1 ✕ 1), Lycopodium (1 ✕ 1), and lose in Palhinhaea (8 ✕ 6) and Phlegmariurus (75 ✕ 39), by Almanaque Z (SEE).
In Selaginellales, U.S.A includes 7 genera (one endemic; Lepidoselaginella, Valdespinoa and Selaginoides absents in Brazil), Mexico six (Didiclis and Lepidoselaginella absents in Brazil), Colombia six (Didiclis absent in Brazil) and Brazil includes only five (Gymnogynum, Bryodesma, Megaloselaginella, Pulviniella and Selaginella). Largest diversities: Colombia (7/97), U.S.A. (6/36), Mexico (6/80) and Brazil (6/81). Brazil and Colombia tied in Bryodesma, Megalosellaginella and Pulviniella. Brazil lose for Colombia in Gymnogynum (24 ✕ 16) and Selaginella (67 ✕ 60), by Almanaque Z (SEE).
MONILOPHYTES
Colombia has an advantage in Equisetaceae (3 ✕ 1, two Equisetum), Ophioglossaceae (6 ✕ 5, one Botrychium), Psilotaceae (2 ✕ 1, Psilotum coplanatum), Marattiaceae (23 ✕ 16), Hymenophyllaceae (126 ✕ 92), Gleicheniaceae (30 ✕ 16), Cyatheaceae (130 ✕ 59), Aspleniaceae (293 ✕ 253), Dennstaedtiaceae (40 ✕ 25), and Polypodiaceae (592 ✕ 400). Overall, Colombia has 1,428 species compared to 1,206 in Brazil. Excluding Polypodiaceae, advantage of Colombia drops from 222 to 30.
GYMNOSPERMS
Advantage of Colombia in Zamia (▴19, ▴17 endemics), and two genera of Podocarpaceae: Pectinipitys (with P. harmsiana) and Prumnopitys (with P. montana).
MAGNOLIOPHYTES
NYMPHEALES
Cabombaceae [Brasenia].
MAGNOLIIDS
Piperaceae: Piper (▴120), Peperomia (▴95).
Myristicaceae: Otoba (▴6), Compsoneura (▴8).
Magnoliaceae: Magnolia (▴36).
Annonaceae [Desmopsis, Sapranthus, Stenanona].
Siparunaceae: Siparuna (▴12).
Hernandiaceae [Gyrocarpus] | Hernandia (▴1).
Lauraceae [Andea].
CHLORANTHALES
Chloranthaceae: Hedyosmum (▴17).
MONOCOTS
Araceae [Chlorospatha] | Anthurium (▴223), Philodendron (▴67), Xanthossoma (▴24), Stenospermation (▴21), Monstera (▴11), Spathiphyllum (▴11), Dieffenbachia (▴8), Syngonium (▴8), Rhodospatha (▴6).
Hydrocharitaceae [Thalassia].
Alismataceae: Sagittaria (▴1).
Cymodoceaceae [Syringodium].
Cyclanthaceae [Carludovica Dianthoveus Schultesiophyton] | Asplundia (▴14), Dicranopygium (▴27), Sphaeradenia (▴28).
Alstroemeriaceae: Bomarea (▴28).
Orchidaceae (BR 197\2,705 ✕ 219\4,259 CL)
VANILLOIDEAE - (BR 4/88 ✕ 4/66 CL). Colombian advantages: Duckeela (7 ✕ 3), Epistephium (18 ✕ 12).CIPRIPEDIOIDEAE - (BR 2/9 ✕ 2/9 CL). Colombian advantages: Phragmipedium (6 ✕ 5 ).ORCHIDIOIDEAE - (BR 33/448 ✕ 32/411 CL)
Codonorchidae - (BR 1/1). Absent in Colombia.Cranichidae - (BR 31/271 ✕ 31/359 CL). Colombian outliers: Gomphichis (28), Pterichis (17), Aa (10), Myrosmodes (9), Pseudocentrum (8), Coccineorchis (5), Altensteinia (3), Stenorrhynchos (3), Cybebus (1). Colombian advantages: Microchilus (103 ✕ 39), Cranichis (50 ✕ 5), Ponthieva (27 ✕ 3), Baskervilla (3 ✕ 1), Beloglottis (2 ✕ 1), Hapalorchis (6 ✕ 5).Orchideae - (BR 1/176 ✕ 1/52 CL).
EPIDENDROIDEAE - (BR 158/2,160 ✕ 181/3,773 CL)
Neottieae - (BR 1/9 ✕ 1/17 CL). Colombian advantages: Palmorchis (17 ✕ 9).
Sobralieae - (BR 2/32 ✕ 3/144 CL). Colombian outliers: Sertifera (8). Colombian advantages: Elleanthus (66 ✕ 12), Sobralia (70 ✕ 20).
Gastrodieae - (BR 1/3 ✕ 1/1 CL).
Triphoreae - (BR 3/15 ✕ 3/20 CL). Colombian outliers: Monophyllorchis (5). Colombian advantages: Psilochilus (7 ✕ 5).
Xerorchideae - (BR 1/2 ✕ 1/2 CL).
Tropidieae - (BR 2/2 ✕ 2/5 CL). Colombian advantages: Corymborkis (4 ✕ 1).
Wullschaegelieae - (BR 1/2 ✕ 1/2 CL).
Malaxideae - (BR 3/83 ✕ 5/58 CL). Colombian outliers: Crossoglossa (23), Vargasiella (1). Colombian advantages: Malaxis (15 ✕ 10), Liparis (9 ✕ 4).
Vandeae - (BR 2/51 ✕ 2/21 CL).
Collabieae - (BR 0/0 ✕ 1/1 CL). Absent in Brazil.
CYMBIDIEAE - (BR 93/887 ✕ 106/1,237 CL).
Cymbidieae/Cyrtopodieae - (BR 1/38 ✕ 1/7 CL).
Cymbidieae/Eulophieae - (BR 1/2 ✕ 1/1 CL)
Cymbidieae/Catasetinae - (BR 7/196 ✕ 6/75 CL). Colombian outliers: Dressleria (3). Colombian advantages: Clowesia (2 ✕ 1), Cycnoches (9 ✕ 6).
Cymbidieae/Oncidinae - (BR 40/364 ✕ 44/564 CL). Colombian outliers: Cyrtochilum (94), Telipogon (76), Fernandezia (26), Caucaea (8), Cischweinfia (6), Miltoniopsis (4), Pterostemma (4), Hofmeisterella (2), Rossioglossum (2), Trichoceros (2), Vitekorchis (2), Cuitlauzina (1), Cyrtochiloides (1), Notyliopsis (1), Systeloglossum (1), Tolumnia (1), Zelenkoa (1). Colombian advantages: Oncidium (153 ✕ 13), Aspasia (5 ✕ 4), Brassia (24 ✕ 16), Comparettia (10 ✕ 5), Eloyella (3 ✕ 1), Erycina (4 ✕ 3), Leochilus (2 ✕ 1 ), Lockhartia (12 ✕ 7), Ornithocephalus (15 ✕ 8), Otoglossum (19 ✕ 3), Psychopsis (3 ✕ 2), Solenidium (3 ✕ 2), Trichopilia (15 ✕ 5).
Cymbidieae/Zygopetalinae - (BR 23/83 ✕ 24/137 CL). Colombian outliers: Kefersteinia (17), Chondroscaphe (6), Benzingia (4), Echinorhyncha (4), Chaubardiella (3), Chondrorhyncha (3), Daiotyla (2), Warreella (2), Euryblema (1), Ixyophora (1), Warreopsis (1). Colombian advantages: Batemannia (2 ✕ 1), Cochleanthes (2 ✕ 1), Cryptarrhena (3 ✕ 2), Dichaea (35 ✕ 29), Galleotia (6 ✕ 5), Huntleya (14 ✕ 2), Pescatoria (17 ✕ 2), Warczewiczella (7 ✕ 3).
Cymbidieae/Eriopsidinae - (BR 1/2 ✕ 1/4 CL). Colombian advantages: Eriopsis (4 ✕ 2).
Cymbidieae/Maxillariinae - (BR 7/138 ✕ 11/334 CL). Colombian outliers: Anguloa (8), Teuscheria (4), Crossoliparis (1), Neomoorea (1). Colombian advantages: Maxillaria (270 ✕ 107), Ida (18 ✕ 1), Lycaste (10 ✕ 1), Rudolfiella (4 ✕ 3), Xylobium (15 ✕ 6).
Cymbidieae/Coleopsidinae - (BR 1/4 ✕ 3/11 CL). Colombian outliers: Lycomormium (2), Coeliopsis (1).
Cymbidieae/Stanhopeinae - (BR 12/65 ✕ 15/105 CL). Colombian outliers: Sievekingia (6), Trevoria (4), Schlimia (2), Embreea (1), Lacaena (1), Lueddemannia (1), Soterosanthus (1). Colombian advantages: Gongora (27 ✕ 11), Acineta (7 ✕ 1), Houlletia (8 ✕ 2), Paphinia (6 ✕ 3), Polycycnis (7 ✕ 1), Stanhopea (19 ✕ 8).
EPIDENDREAE - (BR 49/1,074 ✕ 55/2,265 CL).
Epidendreae/Calypsoinae - (BR 1/1 ✕ 1/6 CL). Colombian advantages: Govenia (6 ✕ 1) .
Epidendreae/Bletiinae - (BR 2/3 ✕ 2/9 CL). Colombian advantages: Bletia (7 ✕ 2), Chysis (2 ✕ 1).
Epidendreae/Ponerinae - (BR 2/2 ✕ 2/2 CL).
Epidendreae/Laeliinae - (BR 20/438 ✕ 16/668 CL). Colombian outliers: Arpophyllum (1), Guarianthe (1), Myrmecophila (1), Oestlundia (1). Colombian advantages: Epidendrum (550 ✕ 159), Jaqcuiniela (4 ✕ 2), Laelia (8 ✕ 2), Nidema (2 ✕ 1), Scaphyglottis (33 ✕ 12).
Epidendreae/Pleutothallidinae - (BR 24/630 ✕ 34/1,580 CL). Colombian outliers: Dracula (78), Restrepia (30), Scaphosepalum (17), Porroglossum (13), Diodonopsis (6), Ophidion (6), Teagueia (3), Dresslerella (2), Draconanthes (2), Frondaria (2), Pendusalpinx (2), Gravendeelia (1), Stellamaris (1). Colombian advantages: Lepanthes (341 ✕ 6), Stelis (491 ✕ 49), Pleurothallis (341 ✕ 16), Masdevallia (165 ✕ 14), Brachionidium (13 ✕ 6), Myoxanthus (18 ✕ 8), Pleurothallopsis (12 ✕ 1), Restrepiella (2 ✕ 1), Lepanthopsis (13 ✕ 6), Trichosalpinx (33 ✕ 9), Zootrophion (12 ✕ 1), Trisetella (5 ✕ 1 ), Platystele (42 ✕ 5), Specklinia (22 ✕ 9), Andreetteaea (14 ✕ 4).
Iridaceae [Libertia Olsynium Orthosaantgus Hesperoxiphium].
Amaryllidaceae [Pamianthe Pheadranassa Plagiogirium Stenomesson].
Asparagaceae [Agave Echeandia Trihesperus] | Furcraea (▴3).
Arecaceae
Coryphoideae [Sabal Coccothrinax Cryosophila Sabinaria Acoelorrhaphe].
Ceroxyloideae [Ceroxylon, Ammandra].
Arecoideae [Synechanthus Roystonea Reinhardtia Asterogyne Calyptrogyne Welfia] | Aiphanes (▴26), Geonoma (▴17), Wettinia (▴14), Chamaedorea (▴11), Desmoncus (▴4), Phytelephas (▴2).
Commelinaceae [Cochliostemma].
Haemodoraceae: Xiphidium (▴1).
Bromeliaceae [Barfussia Goudaea Jagrantia Josemannia Brewcaria Sequencia Greigia Ronnbergia] | Guzmania (▴80), Pitcairnia (▴61), Puya (▴36), Racinaea (▴19), Werauhia (▴14), Wallisia (▴?), Catopsis (▴2).
Typhaceae [Sparganium].
Rapateaceae [Guacamaya].
Juncaceae [Distichia] | Luzula (▴2).
Cyperaceae [Phylloscirpus] | Carex (▴4).
Poaceae
Bambusoideae [Aulonemiella Didymogonix Elytrostachys Otatea Maclurolyra] | Rhipidocladum (▴5).
Pooideae [Triniochloa Aciachne Anatherostippa Ortachne Brachypodium Koeleria Peyritischia Anthoxanthum Paramochloa Calamagrostis Podagrostis Agrostopoa Cinnastrum Alopecurus] | Festuca (▴29), Poa (▴10), Agrostis (▴6), Bromus (▴2), Phalaris (▴2), Cinnagrostis (▴?), Jarava (▴1).
Panicoideae [Zeugites Ixyophora Setariopsis Zuloagaea] | Cenchrus (▴3).
Arundinoideae [Phragmites].
Danthonioideae: Cortaderia (▴5).
Chloridioideae [Uniola Jouvea Disakisperma Leptothrium] | Muhlenbergia (▴11), Bouteloua (▴4).
Heliconiaceae: Heliconia (▴72).
Marantaceae [Pleiostachya]| Calathea (▴22), Ischnosiphon (▴1).
Costaceae: Costus (▴12), Dimerocostus (▴1).
Zingiberaceae: Renealmia (▴13).
RANUNCULALES
Berberidaceae: Berberis (▴27).
Ranunculaceae [Thalictrum Halerpestes] | Ranunculus (▴8).
PROTEALES
Sabiaceae: Meliosma (▴19).
Proteaceae: Panopsis (▴7).
BUXALES
Buxaceae [Buxus].
SUPEROSIDS
Gunneraceae: Gunnera (▴23).
Dilleniaceae: Neodillenia (▴1).
Crassulaceae [Sedum] | Crassula (▴1).
Vitaceae [Vitis].
ROSIDS
Zygophyllaceae [Guaiacum] | Kallstroemia (▴2), Gonopterodon (▴1).
Polygalaceae: Monnina (▴25).
Fabaceae [Prioria Brachycilyx Styphnolobium Myrospermum Uribea Orphanodendron Dalea Chapmannia Diphysa Piscidia Otholobium Pachyrhizus Cologania Oxyrrhynchus Phaseolus Caesalpinia Coulteria Haematoxylon Pseudosamanea Acaciella Sphinga Punjuba] | Lupinus (▴55), Brownea (▴15).
Rosaceae [Potentilla Holodiscus Hesperomeles] | Alchemilla (▴28), Rubus (▴14), Prunus (▴10), Acaena (▴4).
Rhamnaceae [Araracuara Karwinskia Krugiodendron Sageretia] | Frangula (▴2), Ampelozizyophus (▴1).
Ulmaceae: Ampelocera (▴2).
Cannabaceae [Lozanella].
Moraceae [Morus].
Urticaceae [Roussselia] | Pilea (▴54), Cecropia (▴17), Phenax (▴6), Boehmeria (▴3), Urera (▴2), Urtica (▴2).
Apodanthaceae: Pilostyles (▴1).
Cucurbitaceae [Hanburia Doyerea Calycophysum] | Sycios (▴4).
Celastraceae [Crossopetalum Myginda] | Maytenus (▴8), Celastrus (▴3).
Oxalidaceae: Biophytum (▴12).
Cunoniaceae: Weinmannia (▴30).
Elaeocarpaceae [Vallea].
Rhizophoraceae: Cassipourea (▴2).
Ochnaceae [Godoya Rhytidanthera].
Clusiaceae [Dystovomita] | Clusia (▴58), Arawakia (▴9).
Calophyllaceae [Neotatea].
Hypericaceae: Hypericum (▴27).
Elatinaceaea: Elatine (▴2).
Malpighiaceae [Gaudichaudia Ectopopterys Malpighia].
Trigoniaceae [Isidodendrion].
Dichapetalaceae: Dichapetalum (▴2).
Euphroniaceae: Euphronia (▴1).
Chrysobalanaceae [Cordillera].
Violaceae [Fusispermum]| Viola (▴5).
Passifloraceae: Passiflora (▴11).
Lacistemaceae: Lacistema (▴2).
Salicaceae [Macrohassektia Neosprucea].
Phyllanthaceae [Croizatia Tacarcuna].
Linaceae: Rocheria (▴3).
Euphorbiaceae [Dysopsis Argythamnia Garcia Acidocroton Hippomane Senefelderopsis].
Geraniaceae: Geranium (▴15).
Lythraceaea [Pehria].
Onagraceae: Fuchsia (▴15).
Vochysiaceae [Mahechadendron].
Myrtaceae [Pseudanamomis].
Melastomataceae [Centradeniastrum Tessmannianthus Kirkbridea Chalybea Axinaea Boyania Allomaieta Alloneuron Wurdastron Andesanthus Brachyotum Bucquetia Centradenia Chaetolepis Pilocosta Schwackaea Castratella] | Blakea (▴68), Meriania (▴37), Triolena (▴12), Monolena (▴8), Henriettea (▴2).
Staphylleaceae: Turpinia (▴1).
Burseaceae: Dacryodes (▴12), Bursera (▴3).
Anacardiaceae [Ochoteranaea Metopium Mosquitoxylum Toxicodendron Mauria].
Sapindaceae [Bilia Llagunoa Exothea].
Meliaceaea [Ruagea Schmardaea] | Carapa (▴4), Cedrela (▴2), Guarea (▴1).
Rutaceae [Amyris Kubaria Naudinia Peltostigma] | Zanthoxylum (▴2).
Simaroubaceae: Picrolemna (▴1).
Mutingiaceae [Dicraspsidia].
Malvaceae [Goethalsia Trichospermum Mortoniodendron Pentaplaris Acaulimalva Anoda Bakeridesia Dendrosida Fuertesimalva Kearnmalvastrum Sidasodes Hampea Kosteletzkya Weclea Bernoulia Gyranthera] | Matisia (▴44), Herrania (▴12), Pachira (▴12), Quararibea (▴8), Spirotheca (▴3), Cavanillesia (▴1), Patonia (▴1), Theobroma (▴1).
Tropaeolaceae: Tropaeolum (▴21).
Caricaeae: Vasconcellea (▴4).
Capparaceae [Belencita Calanthea Neocapparis Quadrella Steriphoma] | Capparidastrum (▴4), Morisonia (▴1).
Cleomaceae [Andinocleome Cochranella Podandrogyne Pterocleome].
Brassicaceae [Borealandia Cakile Cremolobus Descuirania Draba Exhalimalobus Pennelia] | Cardamine (▴4), Polypsecadium (▴1).
SANTALALES
Balanophoraceae [Corynaea].
Loranthaceae [Tristerix Aetanthus Maracanthus] | Oryctanthus (▴3), Phthirusa (▴1).
Santalaceae [Cervantesia] | Dendrophthora (▴20), Phoradendron (▴8).
Polygonaceae: Muehlenbeckia (▴2).
Plumbaginaceae: Plumbago (▴1).
Caryophyllaceae [Colobanthus Stellaria] | Arenaria (▴4), Drymaria (▴3), Cerastium (▴1).
Amaranthaceae [Pleuropetalon Atriplex Chenopodium Heterostachya] | Iresine (▴2).
Aizoaceae: Sesuvium (▴1).
Phytolaccaeae: Phytolacca (▴5).
Petiveriaceae: Hilleria (▴1).
Nyctaginaceae [Boldoa Colignonia Cephalotomandra Allionia Commicarpus Mirabilis].
Basellaceae [Tournonia Ullucus] | Anredera (▴2).
Talinaceae: Talinum (▴1).
Cactaceae [Austrocylindropuntia Cylindropuntia Mammilaria Acanthocereus Stenocereus Browningia] | Opuntia (▴5), Leuenbergeria (▴1), Epiphyllum (▴1).
Loasaceae [Gronovia Nasa] | Mentzelia (▴1).
Marcgraviaceae [Ruyschia] | Marcgraviastrum (▴6), Marcgravia (▴2), Souroubea (▴5), Schwartzia (▴2), Sarcopera (▴2).
Tetrameristaceae [Pelliciera].
Lecythidaceae [Grias] | Gustavia (▴15).
Pentaphyllacaceae [Symplococarpon] | Freziera (▴26).
Sapotaceae: Sideroxylon (▴2).
Ebenaceae: Lissocarpa (▴2).
Primulaceae [Hymenandra Bonellia Votschia] | Ardisia (▴32), Geissanthus (▴26), Clavija (▴14), Parathesis (▴10).
Clethraceae [Purdieae] | Clethra (▴5).
Ericaceae:
non-Vaccinieae [Monotropa]| Bejaria (▴2), Gaultheria (▴2).
Vaccinieae [Anthopterus Ceratostemma Diogenesia Gonocalyx Macleania Orthaea Plutarchia Semiramisia Themisthoclesia] | Cavendishia (▴67), Psammisia (▴46), Distergima (▴22), Thibaudia (▴16), Satyria (▴12), Sphyrospermum (▴7), Vaccinium (▴3).
Metteniusaceae [Metteniusa].
Rubiaceae
unplaced [Acrobotrys Didymochlamys Flexanthera Pseudohamelia].
Cinchonoideae [Cinchona Joosia Pimentelia Stilpnophyllum Rondeletia Erithalis Arachnothrix Pittoniotis] | Hoffmannia (▴18), Gonzalagunia (▴15), Hillia (▴5), Hamelia (▴5), Ladenbergia (▴5), Machaonia (▴2), Ciliosemina (▴1), Cosmibuena (▴1), Stenosotomum (▴1).
Ixoroideae [Dioicodendron Dolichodelphys Hippotis Lintsermina Macbrideina Tammsia Wittmackanthus Stenosepala] | Pentagonia (▴17), Elaeagia (▴9), Randia (▴6), Macrocnemum (▴4), Agouticarpa (▴2), Bertiera (▴2), Schizocalyx (▴2), Sommera (▴2), Pogonopus (▴1), Posoqueria (▴1), Sipaneopsis (▴1), Warszewiczia (▴1).
Rubioideae [Raritebe Lasianthus Arcytophyllum Ernodea Tobagoa Leptostigma Nertera Morinda] | Palicourea (▴133), Notopleura (▴46), Amphidasya (▴9), Schradera (▴9).
Gentianaceae [Zeltnera Lisianthus Lagenanthus Lehmaniella Purdiaeanthus Gentiana Gentianella Halenia] | Macrocarpaea (▴20), Symbolanthus (▴7).
Loganiaceae [Liesneria].
Apocynaceae [Vallesia Plumeria Anechites Echites Allomarkgrafia Pentascyphus Scyphostelma Athrostemma Lachnostoma] | Gonolobus (▴13), Prestonia (▴4), Funastrum (▴2), Lacmellea (▴1), Metastelma (▴1), Vailia (▴1).
Boraginaceae [Lithospermum Selkirkia Hackelia].
Heliotropiaceae: Heliotropium (▴3).
Ehretiaceae [Bourreria Lennoa Rochefortia].
Calceolariaceae: Calceolaria (▴22).
Gesneriaceae [Rhynchoglossum Cremosperma Gasteranthus Reldia Cremospermopsis Resia Rhytidophyllum Achymenes Amalophyllon Gloxiniopsis Heppiela Kohleria Pearcea Alloplectus Alsobia Glossoloma Neomortonia Trychodrymonia] | Columnea (▴92), Besleria (▴37), Drymonia (▴30), Diastemma (▴6), Corytoplectus (▴4), Nautilocalyx (▴4), Monopyle (▴3).
Plantaginaceae [Ourisia Schistophragma Russelia Maurandya Nuttalanthus Aragoa Sibthorpia].
Scrophulariaceae [Alonsoa].
Lamiaceae [Callicarpa Minthostachys Obtegomeria Catoferia Orthosiphon] | Aegiphila (▴19), Stachys (▴16), Scutellaria (▴10), Clinopodium (▴7), Lepechinia (▴6), Cornutia (▴2), Clerodendron (▴1).
Orobanchaceae [Neobartsia Lamorouxia Pedicularis] | Castilleja (▴7), Escobedia (▴2) .
Schlegeliaceae [Exarata Gibsoniothamnus] | Schlegelia (▴8).
Bignoniaceae [Romeroa Eccremocarpus Tourretia Delostoma Amphitecna Tecoma Parmentiera Roseodendron].
Acanthaceae [Cyphacanthus Neriacanthus Barleria Bravaisia Tetramerium] | Stenostephanus (▴28), Aphelandra (▴25), Mendoncia (▴19), Dicliptera (▴11), Pseduderanthemum (▴11), Sanchezia (▴5), Odontonema (▴1), Trichanthera (▴1).
Verbenaceae: Duranta (▴7), Citharexylum (▴?).
Lentibulariaceae [Pinguincula].
Solanaceae [Browallia Doselia Merinthopodium Poortmannia Schultesianthus Trianaea Jaltomata Cuatresia Deprea Dunalia Saracha] | Cestrum (▴13), Lycianthes (▴5), Sessea (▴5), Witheringia (▴5), Markea (▴4), Hawkesiophyton (▴2), Juanulloa (▴2), Physalis (▴2).
Stemonuaraceae: Discophora (▴1).
Campanulaceae [Burmeistera Diastatea Lisypomia] | Centropogon (▴85), Siphocampylus (▴33).
Asteraceae:
Barnadesioideae [Chuquiraga].
Mutisioideae: Jungia (▴4), Lycoseris (▴4), Mutisia (▴3), Onoseris (▴3).
Wunderlichioideae: Gongylolepis (▴1), Stenopadus (▴1).
Cichorioideae [Dillandia erato Munnozia Oligactis Philoglossa Sampera Sinclaria Dipterocypsela Pseudopiptocarpha Josenathus Yariguianthus Spiracantha] | Critoniopsis (▴22), Liabum (▴10), Hieracium (▴8), Taraxacum (▴2).
Asteroideae:
Seneciodeae [Aequatorium Aetheolaena Arbelaezaster Cabreriella Culcitium Dorobaea Desslerothamnus Garcibarrigoa Gynoxys Lasiocephalus Monticalia Paragynoxys Rockhausenia Scobricaria Werneria] | Pentacalia (▴99), Pseudogynoxys (▴10).
Gnaphalieae [Antennaria Chyselium Jalcophila Mniodes Loricaria Raouliopsis] | Pseudognaphalium (▴5), Gnaphalium (▴2).
Astereae/Hintehuberinae [Blakiella Diplostephium Floscaldasia Flosmutisia Hitenhubera Laestadia Linochilus Llerasia Oritrophium].
Astereae/Grangeinae [Plagiocheilus] | Egletes (▴3).
Astereae/Baccharidinae [Archibaccharis].
Asterceae/Podocominae [Laennecia].
Astereae/Symphyotrichinae [Psilactis].
Astereae/Conyzinae [Erigeron].
Inuleae [Pseudoconyza].
Coreopsidinae [Coreopsis Dahlia Ericentrodea Heterosperma Hidalgoa].
Neurolaeneae [Neurolaena].
Tageteae: Tagetes (▴6).
Heliantheae/Ecliptinae [Eleutheranthera Monactis Oblivia Otopappus Oyedea Perymenium Steiractinia] | Clibadium (▴14), Elaphandra (▴4), Tilesia (▴1).
Heliantheae/Helianthinae [Pappobolus Sclerocarpus] | Lagascea (▴1), Simsia (▴1).
Heliantheae/Montanoinae [Montanoa].
Heliantheae/Spilanthinae [Oxycarpha].
Heliantheae/Verbesiinae: Verbesina (▴21).
Heliantheae/Zinninae [Zinnia] | Heliopsis (▴1).
Millerieae [Alepidocline Alloispermum Aphanactis Espeletia Milletia Sabazia Schistocarpha Sigesbeckia] | Smallanthus (▴2), Jaegeria (▴1).
Perityleae [Galeana, Villanova].
Eupatorieae/Crittoniinae [Aristeguietia Asplundianthus Badilloa Castanedia Corethamnium Critoniella Cronquistianthus Grosvenoria Tuberostylis] | Critonia (▴1).
Eupatorieae/Gyptidinae [Lourtegia].
Eupatorieae/Oxylobinae [Ageratina, Jaramilloa, Oxylobus].
Eupatorieae/Fleischmanninae: Fleischmannia (▴8).
Eupatorieae/Ageratinae [Phalacraea].
Eupatorieae/Ayapaninae [Condylidium, Gongrostylus, Lepidesmia, Polyanthina] | Ayapana (▴7).
Eupatorieae/Alomiinae [Condylopodium].
Eupatorieae/Hebecliinae: Bartlettina (▴2).
Eupatorieae/Neomirandeinae[Neomirandea].
Caprifoliaceae: Valeriana (▴9).
Viburnaceae: Viburnum (▴17).
Araliaceae [Cephalopanax] | Oreopanax (▴54), Sciodaphyllum (▴49).
Apiaceae [Micropleura, Azorella, Oreomyrrhys, Osmorhiza, Arracacia, Cotopaxia, Donnellsmithia, Myrrhidendron, Neonelsonia, Niphogeton, Ottoa, Perissocoeleum, Sanicula].